I this follow-up invoice

Arrears or "in arrears" can mean overdue, ie a late payment. But "Payment in arrears" is a term describing payments made after a service has been provided. (In this case use of the word "arrears" does not imply any breach).

The term in arrears is also used in many contexts to refer to payments made at the end of a period, as distinct from in advance, which are payments made at the start of a period. For instance, rent is usually paid in advance, but mortgages in arrears (the interest for the period is due at the end of the period). Employees' salaries are usually paid in arrears.

The tricky part is how to phrase it.

By far the most common is:
Bill in Arrears

But you also have:
Charged in Arrears
Invoice in Arrears
Charge in Arrears
Billing in Arrears
Charging in Arrears
and so on

I could post dozens of links.


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Note added at 1107 days (2011-11-22 20:00:00 GMT) Post-grading
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An interesting postcript is that both the Swedish Post Office and Postnord use "efterfakturering" slightly differently to mean an additional invoice/bill sent separately in arrears for an additional service which has been added to a main service that has already been billed. In other words, not the standard meaning. I'm just grappling with this translation issue at the moment.

After further research, I came across a separate valid solution for the term efterfakturering.

According to SAP (a German company, admittedly), you can create a "supplementary invoice" for an order or delivery with different partners and prices to those contained in the original invoice. The system creates supplementary invoices by copying relevant entries from the billing due list.

I've also found lots of references to the creation of "supplementary invoices" if a mistake has been made in the original invoice and a new one has to be sent, or if surcharges need to be added to the original order.