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Certified Spanish-to-English translator, transcriber, and consecutive interpreter specializing in Law Enforcement, Healthcare, and Immigration. Over 20 years’ experience providing accurate, confidential, and culturally precise translations.
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Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified member
En la actualidad, se considera que el humano evolucionó de una línea directa de los primates, se cree que él y algunos primates tienen un antepasado común que fue cambiado durante millones de años. El orden de los primates incluye a los lémures, los monos, los antropoides y el ser humano.
El conjunto de cambios que, durante varios millones de años, hicieron evolucionar algunos superiores hasta diferenciarse y constituir la especie humana se conoce como hominización.
Nuestros antepasados pertenecen a la familia hominidae. Los homínidos continuaron su evolución como individuos erectos y terrestres.
El ser humano y los antropoides probablemente evolucionaron a partir de un primate muy parecido al chimpancé moderno, el procónsul, que vivió hace unos 25 millones de años. De él surgieron dos líneas evolutivas. De una, derivaron los póngidos y los gigantopitecidos actualmente extintos.
Austrolophitecus: los científicos sostienen que el primer hominido, antepasado del ser humano actual fue este, género procedente de las sábanas africanas, donde se han encontrado los fósiles humanos más antiguos, era pequeño (más que las personas actuales pesaba unos 40kg, tenia aspecto simiesco, con la cara corta y ancha, la frente muy pequeña, las mandíbulas muy robustas y poco prominentes y dientes fuertes.
Homo habilis: en 1964 se hallaron los restos de un hominido; se le consideró el primer usuario de herramientas que se encontraron en el mismo sitio. El cuerpo del homo habilis era menos pesado que el de los austrolophitecus, tenía un cráneo con una capacidad cerebral de 670 a 770 cm³, mentón retraído, dientes pequeños, rasgos simiescos menos acentuados y caminaba erguido. Se cree que estos hominidos surgieron de cierta población de austrolophitecus.
Homo erectus: los científicos dieron este nombre a los fósiles de hominidos que flutúan entre las edades de 1.5 a 0.5 millones de años, los rasgos del homo erectrus eran distintos a los del austrolophitecus y más aproximados a los del ser humano actual; su cuerpo estaba perfectamente adaptado a la postura erguida y a la locomoción de dos pies, la frente inclinada, ausencia de mentón y las mandíbulas pesadas y protuberantes.
Translation - English Human Evolution
Today humans are considered to have evolved from a direct line of primates. It is believed that some primates have a common ancestor that was changed over millions of years. The order of primates includes lemurs, monkeys, anthropoids, and human beings.
The set of changes that, during several millions of years, caused some of the higher life forms to evolve until they stood out and became the human species is known a hominization.
Our ancestors belonged to the family Hominidae. The hominids continued their evolution as upright terrestrial individuals.
Human beings and the anthropoids probably evolved from a primate very similar to the modern chimpanzee, the proconsul, which lived 25 million years ago. From him two evolutionary lines emerged. The Ponginae and the Gigantopithecus, which is now extinct, derived from one of these lines.
Austrolophitecus: Scientists sustain that the first hominid ancestor of present-day Man was this genus from the African savannah, where the oldest human fossils have been found. He was small, smaller than people of present-day, weighing about 40 kg. He had a simian aspect with a short and wide face, a very small forehead, and an even and robust jaw with strong teeth.
Spanish to English: Nanotechnology
Source text - Spanish Nanotecnología
Nanociencia
En una conferencia impartida en 1959 por uno de los grandes físicos del siglo pasado, el maravi-lloso teórico y divulgador Richard Feynman, ya predijo que “había un montón de espacio al fon-do” (el título original de la conferencia fue “There’s plenty of room at the bottom”) y auguraba una gran cantidad de nuevos descubrimientos si se pudiera fabricar materiales de dimensiones atómicas o moleculares. Hubo que esperar varios años para que el avance en las técnicas experi-mentales, culminado en los años 80 con la aparición de la Microscopía Túnel de Barrido (STM) o de Fuerza Atómica (AFM), hiciera posible primero observar los materiales a escala atómica y, después, manipular átomos individuales. Con respecto a qué es la nanotecnología, empecemos por aclarar el significado del prefijo “nano”: éste hace referencia a la milmillonésima parte de un metro (o de cualquier otra unidad de medida). Para hacernos idea de a qué escala nos referimos, piensa que un átomo es la quinta parte de esa medida, es decir, cinco átomos puestos en línea suman un nanometro. Bien, pues todos los materiales, dispositivos, instrumental, etc., que entren en esa escala, desde 5 a 50 ó 100 átomos es lo que llamamos nanotecnología.
Su impacto en la vida moderna aún parece una historia de ciencia ficción. Fármacos que trabajan a nivel atómico, microchips capaces de realizar complejos análisis genéticos, generación de fuen-tes de energía inagotables, construcción de edificios con microrrobots, combates de plagas y con-taminación a escala molecular, son sólo algunos de los campos de investigación que se desarro-llan con el uso de la nanotecnología, conocimiento que permite manipular la materia a escala na-nométrica, es decir, átomo por átomo.
Considerado por la comunidad científica internacional como uno de los más “innovadores y ambiciosos” proyectos de la ciencia moderna, la nanotecnología tiene su antecedente más remoto en un discurso pronunciado en diciembre de 1959 por el físico Richard Feynman, ganador del Premio Nobel, quien estableció las bases de un nuevo campo científico.
Translation - English Nanotechnology
Nanoscience
In a conference given in 1959 by one of the great physicists of the last century, the wonderful theorist and speaker Richard Feynman had already predicted that “There’s plenty of room at the bottom,” and he foresaw a great number of new discoveries if materials could be made in atomic or molecular dimensions. Many years passed before the advance in experimental techniques, culminating in the 80’s with the appearance of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), first made it possible to observe materials at an atomic scale, and then to manipulate individual atoms. With respect to what nanotechnology is, we will begin by clarifying the meaning of the prefix “nano.” This refers to one billionth of a meter (or any other unit of measure). To get an idea of the scale we are referring to, think of an atom as one fifth of that measure, in other words, five atoms in a line add up to one nonometer. Therefore all of the materials, mechanisms, instruments, etc, that enter into that scale, from 5 to 50 or 100 atoms, are what we call nanotechnology.
Its impact on modern life still seems like a science fiction story. Drugs that work at the atomic level, microchips capable of carrying out complex genetic analysis, production of inexhaustible fuel sources, construction of buildings with microrobots, and fighting pests and pollution at the molecular level are just some of the fields of investigation that develop with the use of nanotechnology: the knowledge that allows the manipulation of matter at a nanometric scale, that is, atom by atom.
Nanotechnology is considered to be one of the most “innovative and ambitious” projects of modern science by the international scientific community. Its earliest antecedent was in a speech given in December of 1959 by the physicist Richard Feynman, winner of the Nobel Prize. Feynman established the foundation of a new scientific field.
Spanish to English: Turbochargers
Source text - Spanish Turbocargadores: su funcionamiento
Un turbo funciona por el sistema de gases de escape. Su principal tarea es comprimir aire y forzarlo en el motor, de tal modo más combustible puede ser quemado.
El combustible se aprovecha más, se combustiona eficientemente de modo optimizado, lo que redunda en una mayor performance del motor.
La performance desde el motor es resultante del incremento en la potencia, más caballos de fuerza para desplazar el vehículo.
El turbo es también conocido como turbocargador, lleva ya muchos años disponible, casi tantos como el motor de combustión interna.
Un turbocargador cuenta con dos ruedas en su interior, una se llama turbina y se ubica en el sistema de escape. Los gases que dejan el motor luego de la combustión causan que la turbina gire a su paso y el movimiento se traslada al eje de la misma.
En el otro extremo del eje se encuentra el impelador o rueda del compresor. Esta tira del aire y lo fuerza hacia el interior del motor.
Para que todo el trabajo sea efectivo, el impelador típicamente gira entre 120.000 y 150.0000 RPM (revoluciones por minuto). Muchas clases de artefactos girando a tremenda velocidad requieren de lubricación especial y de un sistema de enfriamiento.
Translation - English How Turbochargers Work
A turbo is powered by the exhaust system. Its main task is to compress air and force it into the engine so that more fuel can be burned. The fuel is put to better use, it burns more efficiently, and this improves the performance from the engine. Increased power results in better engine performance, since there is more horsepower to propel the vehicle.
Turbo, also known as turbocharger, has been available for many years, almost as long as the internal combustion engine. A turbocharger has two wheels inside, one is called the turbine and is located in the exhaust system. The gases that leave the engine after combustion cause the turbine to spin as they pass and the movement is transmitted to the shaft.
The impeller or compressor wheel, which draws in air and forces it into the engine, is on the other end of the shaft. In order to be effective, the impeller usually spins between 120,000 and 150,000 RPM (revolutions per minute). Many kinds of devices that spin at high speeds require special lubrication and a cooling system.
Spanish to English: Share Transfer
Source text - Spanish São Paulo, [•] de julio de 2000
Estimados Sres.:
Por la presente, y de conformidad con lo señalado en el artículo 5 del Real Decreto 1.416/1991 de 27 de septiembre sobre Operaciones Bursátiles Especiales, les comunicamos que las personas abajo firmantes han llegado a un acuerdo para la transmisión de 746.246 acciones de NETWORKS, S.A.
Les rogamos que al cierre de la sesión de [•] tomen razón de la compraventa de mercado secundario oficial mencionada, previas las autorizaciones y comunicaciones que procedan a los organismos correspondientes, con el fin de ejecutar la compraventa.
Los términos de la compraventa pactada son los siguientes:
Vendedores
1.- Jane Doe, Es titular de 186.562 acciones inscritas a nombre de BANK OF NEW YORK por hallarse depositadas por cuenta de su titular en la siguiente cuenta Banco Bilbao Vizaya, Madrid; For credit to Bank of New York Brussels Ref: Omnibus account #507. Nombre de cuenta MGTPB / Brazil Individual.
2.- John Doe....
En adelante, las dos personas físicas antes mencionadas serán denominadas como los “Vendedores”.
Comprador
Participações Ltda. (..........)
Cuenta de Valores: [•]
Cuenta de efectivo: [•]
Precio de la compraventa
[•] euros por acción.
Justificación de la compraventa
La presente compraventa, realizada a través del Contrato de Compraventa entre Vendedores y Comprador de fecha ____________, trae causa del ejercicio por parte de los Vendedores de su derecho de opción de venta, ejercido contra el Comprador, en virtud de cesión de la obligación de compra de las acciones por Brasil Ltda. al Comprador, según Carta de fecha _________ subscrita por los Vendedores y aceptada por Brasil Ltda. y por el Comprador. El precio de la compraventa, a su vez, resulta del precio promedio de cotización bursátil correspondiente a los seis meses anteriores a la fecha de ejercicio de la opción de venta, que fue a todos los efectos el [•].
Liquidación
La liquidación de la operación será realizada por la entidad Benito y Monjardín, S.V.B., S.A. siendo el depositario The Bank of New York.
Translation - English São Paulo, [•] July 2000
Dear Sirs:
In accordance with article 5 of Royal Decree 1,416/1991 of September 27 concerning Special Stock-Exchanges, we hereby inform that the undersigned individuals have reached an agreement for the transfer of 746,246 shares of NETWORkS, S.A.
Please record the aforementioned sale transaction at the close of the [•] official secondary trade market session, with authorizations and communications to the corresponding organizations, in order to make the sale.
The terms of the accorded sale are as follows:
Sellers
1.- Jane Doe is the registered holder of 186,562 shares registered in the name of BANK OF NEW YORK. The shares are deposited on behalf of the holder in the following account: Banco Bilbao Vizaya, Madrid; For credit to Bank of New York Brussels Ref: Omnibus account #507. Account name MGTPB / Brazil Individual.
2.- John Doe…
Hereinafter, the two individuals previously mentioned will be called the "Sellers."
Buyer
Participações Ltda. (..........)
Securities Account: [•]
Cash Account: [•]
Sale price
[•] euros per share.
Rationale for the sale
This sale, made by Sale Contract between Sellers and Buyer dated __________, derives from the Sellers’ exercise of their put against the Buyer, whereby Brasil Ltda. assigns the obligation to buy shares to the Buyer according to the letter dated_____________, undersigned by the Sellers and accepted by Brasil Ltda. and by the Buyer. The sale price is the result of an average of the Stock-Exchange rate corresponding to the six months preceding the date of the exercising of the put, which for all purposes was [•].
Settlement
The settlement of the transaction will be done by the Company Benito y Monjardín, S.V.B., S.A. The custodian shall be The Bank of New York.
Professional Spanish-to-English translator and Spanish-English interpreter serving law enforcement, healthcare, and immigration. Certified Spanish-to-English interpreter and translator, HIPAA-certified consecutive interpreter, machine translation post-editor, and transcriber specializing in Law Enforcement, Healthcare, and Immigration.
I am a native speaker of U.S. English who is a certified Spanish-to-English translator, HIPAA certified consecutive interpreter, and transcriber with over 20 years of experience serving professionals in Law Enforcement, Healthcare, and Immigration. I deliver accurate, confidential, and culturally precise translations of legal documents, medical records, witness statements, and immigration materials. My approach is conscientious and client-focused, ensuring clarity and reliability in high-stakes contexts, from courtrooms to emergency rooms. I am also a certified MTPE (Machine Translation Posteditor) for Spanish-to-English content, following client guidelines and industry standards to ensure clarity, consistency, and reliability. I am proficient in CAT tools including Trados, MemoQ, Smartcat, Memsource and Protemos, and I work comfortably with various AI tools. Additionally, I provide targeted ESL coaching for professionals who need to strengthen their English communication skills.
Let's Connect
Contact me at [email protected] to discuss your Spanish language needs and request a personalized consultation, free of charge.
20 years of experience in translation and transcription
Native Speaker of U.S. English
Native fluency in Spanish
Bicultural U.S. and Uruguayan citizen
2 years of experience as a consecutive interpreter
Over 20 years of residence in Latin America
Certificate in Spanish-to-English translation from New York University
Bachelor of Arts with a major in Spanish from the University of Rhode Island
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Law Enforcement, Healthcare, and Immigration Translation | Certified Spanish-to-English Translator
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