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Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified site user
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English to Spanish - Standard rate: 0.07 GBP per word / 25 GBP per hour English to Catalan - Standard rate: 0.07 GBP per word / 25 GBP per hour Spanish to Catalan - Standard rate: 0.07 GBP per word / 25 GBP per hour Catalan to Spanish - Standard rate: 0.07 GBP per word / 25 GBP per hour
English to Spanish: Can a translation float free from the original work? Detailed field: Law (general)
Source text - English How long is the translation protected for?
You are the author of a literary work, therefore you are entitled to exactly the same protection as any author of any literary work. Throughout most of the western world – but not all of it – you are protected for your life plus 70 years. This is the period of protection of copyright in literary works.
Can a translation float free from the original work?
If you translate a work that is in the public domain – like Shakespeare into French – you own all the copyright in your translation.
However, if you happen to translate a work that has never been published before, there is something called the archive right.
There are special rules governing works that have never been published before. In the UK – at least until 1989 – the original author of an unpublished work would have protection whenever they died for 50 years after first publication. There is a curious overlapping right, designed to encourage people to publish manuscripts from monasteries and strange unpublished works, that gives the archive right to the person who first publishes something that has never been published before.
Take the example of Proust, who died more than 70 years ago. If we assume his translator Scott Moncrieff did not die, we could say that the copyright of Scott Moncrieff has floated free from the original copyright and that Moncrieff is now entitled to effectively 100% of the income from that translation.
So as a translator, you can have your copyright float free from the original author at some point. A translation can float free in layers.
Database rights
As a European right, this is relatively recent. A database can be defined as a collection of independent works, data or other materials, which are arranged in a systematic or methodical way and are individually accessible by electronic means.
Databases are not literary works and have therefore no copyright attached to them. In order to have a literary work, the creation needs to have substance; it is not a list of words or sets of columns. Short phrases don’t carry copyright. Long phrases, long words, which are unique, do.
Translation - Spanish ¿Por cuánto tiempo estará protegida la traducción?
Usted es el autor de una obra literaria, de manera que tiene derecho a la misma protección que tendría cualquier autor de una obra de este tipo. En la mayoría de los países occidentales, aunque no en todos, esta protección estará vigente durante toda su vida y hasta 70 años después de su muerte: esta es la duración del copyright de obras literarias.
¿Puede una traducción desvincularse de la obra original?
Si tradujera una obra que fuese de dominio público (por ejemplo, si tradujera Shakespeare al francés) le pertenecería la totalidad del copyright de su traducción; sin embargo, se aplica el derecho de archivo a traducciones de obras que no hayan sido publicadas con anterioridad.
Existen normas especiales para obras que no han sido publicadas anteriormente. En el Reino Unido, al menos hasta 1989, los derechos del autor original de una obra inédita estarían protegidos durante los 50 años posteriores a la fecha de su primera publicación, independientemente de la fecha de fallecimiento de éste. Gracias a un derecho que, curiosamente, se solapa a lo descrito anteriormente, y que fue establecido para incentivar la publicación de manuscritos provenientes de monasterios y otras obras inéditas de carácter inusual, se otorgará el derecho de archivo a aquellos que publiquen obras que no hayan sido publicadas con anterioridad.
Tomemos el ejemplo de Proust, que murió hace más de 70 años. Suponiendo que su traductor, Scott-Moncrieff, no hubiera fallecido, podríamos establecer que el copyright de Scott-Moncrieff se habría desvinculado del copyright original y por lo tanto este autor tendría, de hecho, el derecho a la totalidad de los ingresos que generara esa traducción.
Por lo tanto, como traductor, su copyright puede desvincularse del copyright original en algún momento: así pues, una traducción puede desvincularse de la obra original y además puede hacerlo por partes.
Derechos de la base de datos.
Este concepto es relativamente nuevo en el ámbito de los derechos europeos. Una base de datos puede definirse como un conjunto de obras, datos u otro tipo de elementos independientes, organizados de una manera sistemática y metódica, y accesibles individualmente por medio de sistemas electrónicos.
Las bases de datos no son obras literarias así que no están protegidas por ningún copyright. Para que algo sea una obra literaria debe tener esencia; no puede ser únicamente una lista de palabras y un conjunto de columnas. Frases cortas no están protegidas por copyright, pero sí frases y palabras largas y singulares.
English to Spanish: XPS Detailed field: IT (Information Technology)
Source text - English What is XPS?
XPS Documents maintain a consistent appearance for documents—despite environmental variables—through the use of a fixed page layout and new technologies such as Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), the Windows Color System, the Open Packaging Conventions, the XPS print path, and XPS Viewer. Essentially, XPS-based technologies allow an author to be much more certain that the next person to view or print their document will see it exactly as the author intended.
XPS technologies offer benefits to users throughout the document workflow, starting with authoring and viewing the document and continuing through to storing and archiving. For starters, XPS Documents are fixed-format documents described by an XML-based language. This means the document layout is fixed, just as it would be if it were printed on a piece of paper. As a result, XPS Viewer and the XPS print path can present the document in the same way to the user whether it is viewed in a window or on a piece of paper. For more on this, take a look at the sidebar "Three Paths to High Fidelity."
XPS Documents also support security features, such as digital signatures, to provide greater document security. When applied to a document, these digital signatures can help ensure the identity of the author and the validity of the document content.
Custom resources and other application-specific metadata can also be included in an XPS Document, allowing applications to create and use XPS Document packages. These packages offer numerous benefits over other file formats, including the ability to store and archive files with all the content and design details in tact. XPS Document packages describe their contents using a plain-text, XML-based data format (rather than a proprietary binary format). And they contain all the information related to the document and its particular application. The XML Paper Specification describes this format in an open and published specification provided to users and developers by Microsoft under a royalty-free license.
The XPS Document package is a compressed ZIP archive that allows the resulting file to regain some of the space efficiency that is lost by using an XML-based language. The XPS Document package complies with the Open Packaging Conventions. And the ZIP archive format described in the Open Packaging Conventions is a published, open specification that is included under the XPS license. Documents created by the next version of Microsoft® Office System (codenamed "Office 12") will also comply with the Open Packaging Conventions. Using open specifications for both the content and the storage format helps ensure that the document's contents will be accessible long into the future. Further details and downloads regarding XPS and the Open Packaging Conventions can be found on the Microsoft Web site at XML Paper Specification.
Translation - Spanish ¿Qué es XPS?
Independientemente del entorno en el que se encuentren, los documentos XPS mantienen una apariencia consistente por medio de un diseño fijo de páginas y del uso de nuevas tecnologías, tales como Windows Presentation Foundation (WPS), Windows Color System, Open Packaging Conventions, XPS print path y XPS Viewer. Gracias a las tecnologías basadas en XPS, los autores de este tipo de documentos podrán tener mayores garantías de que éstos se imprimirán y serán vistos por futuros usuarios tal y como dichos autores pretendían.
Los usuarios de la tecnología XPS dispondrán de muchas ventajas durante todo el ciclo de producción de los documentos, desde su escritura y visualización hasta el almacenaje y el archivado de éstos. Para los no iniciados, podríamos describir los documentos XPS como un tipo de documentos de formato fijo definidos por medio de un lenguaje basado en XML; la estructura del documento es fija, tal y como si éste estuviera impreso, de manera que XPS viewer y XPS print path presentan el documento al usuario de la misma forma tanto cuando se imprime como cuando se ve por pantalla. Para más información véase el enlace relacionado llamado “The Paths to High Fidelity ”.
Los documentos XPS también admiten ciertas características de seguridad que garantizan unos mejores niveles de protección, como por ejemplo las firmas digitales. Cuando se aplican a un documento, las firmas digitales permiten verificar la validez del contenido de éste y la identidad del autor.
Además, recursos característicos y otros metadatos particulares de cada aplicación se pueden incluir en documentos XPS, de manera que las aplicaciones pueden crear y usar paquetes de este tipo de documentos. Estos paquetes aportan un gran número de ventajas frente a otros formatos de archivo: por ejemplo, mantienen toda la información de contenido y de diseño al almacenar y archivar ficheros. Por otro lado, en vez de usar un formato binario registrado definen su contenido por medio de un formato de datos simple, de texto, basado en XML; además, contienen información relacionada con el documento y con su aplicación en particular. XML Paper Specification describe este formato por medio de una especificación abierta que Microsoft proporciona a usuarios y desarrolladores bajo una licencia gratuita.
Un paquete de documentos XPS es un archivo ZIP comprimido que cumple con todos los requisitos de Open Packaging Conventions y que permite al fichero resultante contrarestar, hasta cierto punto, la poca eficacia, en términos de tamaño, que conlleva usar un lenguage basado en XML. El formato de archivo ZIP que se describe en Open Packaging Conventions es una especificación de ámbito público y de código abierto que se incluye bajo la licencia XPS; los documentos creados con la nueva versión de Microsoft® Office System, cuyo código en clave es Office 12, también cumplirán lo estipulado en estas convenciones. El uso de especificaciones abiertas tanto para el contenido como para el formato de almacenamiento permite asegurar que el contenido de los documentos será accesible en el futuro. Se puede obtener más información y descargas acerca de XPS y de Open Packaging Conventions desde el sitio web de Microsoft en XML Paper Specification .
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Translation education
Master's degree - University of Westminster
Experience
Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2007.
English to Spanish (University of Westminster) English to Spanish (Chartered Institute of Linguists) English to Catalan (Institute of Translation and Interpreting)
I am a member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists, a Business & Computer Science graduate and I have recently completed an MA in Bilingual Translation. I possess strong language and research skills gained from academic study combined with outstanding organisational and managerial experience developed during a successful professional career. My strengths include attention to detail, combined with the ability to work quickly to meet deadlines. I make the most of new technologies and software packages to provide translations of the highest quality.
SKILLS PROFILE
• Languages
I am bilingual in Spanish and Catalan and I am proficient in English, having achieved grade A in both the Cambridge Proficiency Exam (2004) and in the Cambridge Advanced Exam (2003). I speak fluent Portuguese after writing my thesis at a Portuguese University (2000 - 2001).
I have a good understanding and in-depth knowledge of the culture of the English, Spanish, Catalan and Portuguese speaking countries, enhanced through my participation in a Community Interpreting work placement scheme (2006) after qualifying as Community Interpreter. I provided interpreting services in educational, benefits and legal matters.
I possess excellent writing and grammatical skills, gained through my academic experience and also after having written numerous reports, manuals, and training materials for my current employee.
• Computing
During my MA I experienced using translation memory (TM) software such as TRADOS, SDL, Déjà Vu and Wordfast. I also worked with machine translation systems (MT) such as Systran.
I am proficient in the use of Microsoft Office software (Word, Excel, Access, etc), having produced reports of a very high standard both for clients and heads of department at work, and for academic purposes during the realisation of my MA studies.
I am extremely experienced at developing and managing databases, having worked in different projects involving the design, analysis and management of database systems for different clients during the last seven years.
I am accustomed to using the internet and email as research tools throughout the translation process.
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Expertise