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English to Spanish: Seed Transmission Of An Exotic Endophyte In Tall Fescue Detailed field: Agriculture
Source text - English Endophyte strains have been identified which may enhance plant growth and resistance to stress but not to produce the major alkaloid toxins which impair livestock health and productivity (Fletcher and Easton, 1997). Strains identified in exotic germoplasm are introduced to adapted grass cultivars by inoculation and seed is taken from infected plants. This seed must be multiplied for at least two more generations for commercial release of the cultivar-endophyte association (Rolston 1993). Efficient transmission of endophyte to the seed is essential (Fletcher and Easton 1997). An 85% transmission rate, for example, compounded over three generations, would lead to only 61%.
Endophyte hyphae extend with the elongating stem and infect the developing inflorescence and the ovules. Philipson and Christey (1986) observed infection of the developing seed of perennial rygrass as early as the “notch” stage of the embryo; but White et al. (1991) reported that the embryo of Festuca spp was not infected until fully differentiated.
Translation - Spanish Se han detectado razas de endófitos que fortalecen el crecimiento de la planta y la resistencia al estrés pero no produce las suficientes toxinas alcaloides que daña la salud y la productividad del ganado (Fletcher y Easton 1997). Las razas que se identifican en germoplasmas exóticos se introducen para adaptar cultivares de pastura por inoculación y se toman las semillas infectadas de las plantas. Estas semillas deben ser multiplicadas por al menos dos generaciones más para la comercialización del endófito cultivado (Rolston 1993). Es esencial la transmisión eficiente del endófito a la semilla (Fletcher y Easton 1997). Una tasa de 85 % de transmisión, que estuvo compuesta por más de tres generaciones, daría una infección de 61 %.
La hifa del endófito se extiende junto al tallo al elongarse e infecta la inflorescencia en desarrollo y a los óvulos. Phillipson y Christney (1986) observaron la infección de la semilla de raigrás perenne en desarrollo en el estadio del nudo del embrión, mientras que White y otros (1991) registraron que el embrión de Festuca spp no se infectó hasta la diferenciación completa.
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Years of experience: 20. Registered at ProZ.com: Nov 2006.
English to Spanish (New Start Institute ARGENTINA)
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