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Sample translations submitted: 1
Chinese: The Forbidden City
Source text - Chinese 北京故宫是中国明清两代的皇家宫殿,旧称紫禁城。故宫以三大殿为中心,占地面积约72万平方米,建筑面积约15万平方米,有大小宫殿七十多座,相传故宫一共有9999.5间,实际据1973年专家现场测量故宫有房间8707间。
故宫是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑群之一。1987年被列为世界文化遗产。
作为北京景点之一,故宫吸引着无数国内外游客。为游客提供了独特的文化体验。
故宫历史
永乐七年(1409年),明成祖以北京为基地进行北征,同时开始在北京附近的昌平修建长陵。 将自己的陵墓修在北京而不是南京,证明明成祖已经下定决心要迁都。
永乐十四年(1417年),以南京紫禁城为模板的北京紫禁城正式动工。永乐十八年(1420年),北京皇宫和北京城建成。
紫禁城建成后,明清宫廷五百多年的历史,包含了帝后活动,等级制度、权力斗争、宗教祭祀等。
故宫建筑
故宫位于北京城中心。故宫沿着一条南北向中轴线排列,三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。宫城周围环绕着高12米,长3400米的宫墙,形式为一长方形城池,墙外有52米宽的护城河环绕,形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。
故宫有4个门,正门名午门,东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。面对北门神武门,有用土、石筑成的景山。在整体布局上,景山可说是故宫建筑群的屏障。
馆藏文物
北京故宫藏有大量珍贵文物,据统计总共达1862690件之多,占中国全国文物总数的1/6。故宫的一些宫殿中设立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、玩物馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等,收藏有大量古代艺术珍品,是中国收藏文物最丰富的博物馆。
Translation - Chinese The Forbidden City, is the imperial palace in both the Qing and Ming Dynasties. With its former name as the Purple Forbidden City, this ancient imperial palace complex is centered around the Three Great Halls and spans an area of approximately 720,000 square meters, with a total architectural space of around 150,000 square meters. It comprises over seventy palaces of various sizes, and is famously said to contain exactly 9,999.5 rooms. However, according to a detailed on-site survey conducted by experts in 1973, the actual number of rooms in the Forbidden City is confirmed to be 8,707.
The Forbidden City is one of the largest and best-preserved wooden architectural complexes in the world. It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987. As one of the highlights of tourism in Beijing, the Forbidden City draws countless visitors from both within China and abroad who travel to Beijing, offering them a unique cultural experience in Beijing trip.
History of the Forbidden City
In 1409, the Ming Dynasty's third emperor, known as the Yongle Emperor, embarked on northern campaigns with Beijing as his base, and simultaneously initiated the construction of the Changling Tomb in Changping, near Beijing. The decision to build his mausoleum in Beijing rather than in Nanjing was a testament to the Yongle Emperor's resolve to relocate the capital.
In 1417, the construction of the Beijing Forbidden City officially began, taking the Nanjing Forbidden City as its blueprint. By 1420, both the Beijing Imperial Palace and the city of Beijing were completed.
The completion of the Forbidden City marked the beginning of over five hundred years of court history under the Ming and Qing dynasties, which encompassed the activities of emperors and empresses, hierarchical systems, power struggles, and religious ceremonies.
The Architecture of the Forbidden City
The Forbidden City is situated at the center of Beijing. It is meticulously aligned along a north-south central axis, with the Three Great Halls, the Inner Court, and the Imperial Garden all situated along this line. Surrounding the palace complex is a 12 meter high, 3400 meter long wall, forming a rectangular fortress. Outside the walls, there is a 52 meter wide moat, forming a rectangular fortress with an imposing defensive structure.
The Forbidden City has four gates; the main gate is called the Meridian Gate, the east gate is called the East Prosperity Gate, the west gate is called the West Prosperity Gate, and the north gate is called the Gate of Divine Might. Opposite the Gate of Divine Might, there stands Jingshan Hill, constructed from earth and stone. In terms of overall layout, Jingshan Hill serves as a protective screen for the Forbidden City’s architectural complex, enhancing its grandeur and security.
Collection of the Forbidden City
The Forbidden City, also know as the Palace Museum, houses an extensive collection of invaluable cultural relics, with a total count reaching 1,862,690 pieces. This impressive assemblage represents one-sixth of the total number of cultural relics in China. Within the historic palaces of the Forbidden City, a variety of comprehensive museums have been established, including the History and Art Museum, the Painting Gallery, the Ceramics Pavilion, the Bronze Ware Hall, the Ming and Qing Art and Crafts Museum, the Inscription Hall, the Toy Museum, the Four Treasures of the Study Museum, the Curio Museum, the Treasure Gallery, the Clock and Watch Gallery, and the Exhibition of Qing Dynasty Court Regulations and Cultural Relics, and others. These galleries and halls contain a wealth of ancient artistic treasures, making the Palace Museum the most richly-endowed museum in China in terms of cultural relics collection.