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Catalan to Spanish - Standard rate: 0.11 EUR per word / 40 EUR per hour Spanish to Catalan - Standard rate: 0.11 EUR per word / 40 EUR per hour English to Catalan - Standard rate: 0.11 EUR per word / 40 EUR per hour English to Spanish - Standard rate: 0.11 EUR per word / 40 EUR per hour
English to Spanish: Abstract - Pharmaceutical General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English ABSTRACT. Microalbuminuria and hypertension are risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetic patients. Recent data suggest that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system slows the progression of diabetic nephropathy; in contrast, the results on the renoprotective effect of calcium channel antagonists are conflicting. We evaluated the effectiveness of lercanidipine, in comparison with ramipril, on the reduction in albumin excretion rate (AER) and blood pressure in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients with Type 2 diabetes and persistent microalbuminuria. A total of 277 patients were enrolled in a multicentric, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group trial; 180 were randomized to receive 10-20 mg/day of lercanidipine or 5-10 mg/day of ramipril and followed up for 9-12 months. The primary outcome was the change in AER from baseline. After 9-12 months of follow-up, a reduction in AER of –17.4±65 μg/min (p
Translation - Spanish RESUMEN. La microalbuminuria y la hipertensión son factores de riesgo para la nefropatía diabética en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Los datos recientes sugieren que el bloqueo del sistema renina-angiotensina ralentiza la progresión de la neuropatía diabética; por lo contrario, los resultados sobre el efecto renoprotector de los antagonistas del canal de calcio son contradictorios. Hemos evaluado la efectividad de la lercanidipina en comparación con el ramipril sobre la reducción de la tasa de excreción de albúmina (TEA) y la tensión arterial en pacientes con hipertensión leve a moderada, diabetes de tipo 2 y oligoalbuminuria persistente. Un total de 277 pacientes participaron en un ensayo multicéntrico, aleatorizado, en doble ciego y activamente controlado en grupos paralelos; 180 recibieron de forma aleatoria 10-20 mg/día de lercanidipina o 5-10 mg/día de ramipril y se les realizó un seguimiento durante 9-12 meses. El resultado principal fue el cambio en la TEA respecto de los valores basales. Después de 9-12 meses de seguimiento, se observó una reducción en la TEA de -17,4±65 μg/min (p
English to Spanish: The cough reflex / El reflejo tusígeno General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English The cough reflex
A cough is a sudden, explosive movement of air; the function of a cough is to clear material from the airways. Differences among several sites from which cough stimuli can originate may result in variations in the sounds and patterns of coughing. Inadequate mucociliary clearance mechanisms (as in bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis) may produce a pattern of coughing with less violent acceleration of air and a sequence of interrupted expirations without any intervening inspiration. Awareness of cough varies considerably. A cough can be distressing when it appears suddenly, especially if associated with discomfort due to chest pain, dyspnea, or copious secretions.
A major function of the cough reflex is to help clear secretions from the airways, particularly to help expel them through the larynx.
There are three components involved in the cough reflex: sensory nerves in the mucosa of the airways, the cough centre and the motor nerves leading to the respiratory muscles.
Inhaled particles or superposition of mucus and a bronchial constriction cause a stimulation mechanically on the nerves of the mucosa of larynx, trachea and bronchi. Similar is the effect of chemical irritants (e.g. sulphur dioxide, steamed acid, nitrous gas) or inflammatory mediators (cytokines, histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes). The stimulus is transmitted to the cough centre located in the medulla oblongata via afferent fibers. Reflex impulses are generated which transmit via efferent neurofibers to the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and muscles of abdomen. The cough impact usually starts with an initial inspiration followed by a contraction of the respiratory musculature.
Translation - Spanish El reflejo tusígeno
La tos es un movimiento repentino y explosivo de aire cuya función es eliminar material de las vías respiratorias. Las diferencias entre los diversos puntos desde los que se pueden originar los estímulos tusígenos pueden provocar las variaciones en los sonidos y los patrones de la tos. Unos mecanismos inadecuados de depuración mucociliar (como en la bronquiectasia o la fibrosis quística) pueden producir un patrón de tos con una aceleración de aire menos violenta y una secuencia de espiraciones interrumpidas sin ninguna inspiración intermedia. La conciencia de la tos varía considerablemente. La tos puede resultar angustiosa cuando se presenta de forma repentina, especialmente si se asocia con molestias debidas a dolor torácico, disnea o secreciones abundantes.
Una función importante del reflejo tusígeno es ayudar a eliminar las secreciones de las vías respiratorias, especialmente para ayudar a expulsarlas a través de la laringe.
Hay tres componentes implicados en el reflejo tusígeno: los nervios sensoriales de la mucosa de las vías respiratorias, el centro tusígeno y los nervios motores que van hasta los músculos respiratorios.
Las partículas inhaladas o la superposición de moco y una constricción bronquial estimulan mecánicamente los nervios de la mucosa de la laringe, la tráquea y los bronquios. El efecto es similar al de los irritantes químicos (p. ej. dióxido de azufre, vapor ácido, gas nitroso) o mediadores inflamatorios (citocinas, histamina, prostaglandinas, leucotrienos). El estímulo se transmite al centro tusígeno situado en el bulbo raquídeo mediante fibras aferentes. Se generan impulsos reflejos que se transmiten mediante fibras nerviosas eferentes hasta el diafragma, los músculos intercostales y los músculos del abdomen. El impacto tusígeno suele iniciarse con una inspiración inicial seguida de una contracción de la musculatura respiratoria.
English to Catalan: Driver install instructions / Instruccions d'instal·lació del controlador General field: Other Detailed field: Computers: Software
Source text - English The XXXX driver
Install the XXXX driver on the computer that you want to interact with your XXXX product. The XXXX driver is always available and running in the background after you install it on your computer.
Configuring XXXX driver options
The XXXX driver is ready to use as soon as it is installed. You can change the default options at any time.
To configure XXXX driver options:
1. Click the XXX driver icon in the system tray (Windows) or system menu bar (Macintosh).
2. The XXXX driver menu appears
3. Choose “Configure the XXXX driver.” The Configure Options dialog box appears.
Options are organized windows that you access by clicking an item along the left edge of the window. Each window includes:
Help: Click to view help information.
OK: Click “OK” to save your changes and close the dialog box.
Cancel: Click “Cancel” to close the dialog box and make no changes to options.
Restore Defaults: Click “Restore Defaults” to restore factory defaults.
General options
To configure general options:
Click the “General” tab. You see the following options:
Translation - Catalan El controlador de XXXX
Instal·leu el controlador de XXXX a l'ordinador que voleu que interactuï amb el producte XXXX. El controlador de XXXX sempre està disponible i en execució en segon pla després d'instal·lar-lo a l'ordinador.
Configuració de les opcions del controlador de XXXX
El controlador de XXXX està a punt per a l'ús tan bon punt s'instal·la. Podeu canviar les opcions per defecte en qualsevol moment.
Per a configurar les opcions del controlador de XXXX:
1. Feu clic a la icona del controlador de XXXX a la safata del sistema (Windows) o a la barra del menú de sistema (Macintosh).
2. Apareixerà el menú del controlador de XXXX.
3. Trieu "Configurar el controlador de XXXX". Apareixerà el quadre de diàleg Configurar opcions.
Les opcions són finestres organitzades a les quals s'accedeix fent clic sobre un element de l'extrem esquerre de la finestra. Cada finestra inclou:
Ajuda: feu clic per a visualitzar la informació d'ajuda.
D'acord: feu clic a "D'acord" per desar els canvis i tancar el quadre de diàleg.
Cancel·lar: feu clic a "Cancel·lar" per tancar el quadre de diàleg sense fer canvis a les opcions.
Restablir valors per defecte: feu clic a "Restablir valors per defecte" per restablir els valors originals de fàbrica.
Opcions generals
Per a configurar les opcions generals:
Feu clic a la pestanya "General". Veureu les següents opcions:
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Translation education
Bachelor's degree - Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain)
Experience
Years of experience: 25. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2002.
English to Catalan (Spain, UAB (Autonomous University of Barcelona)) English to Spanish (Spain, UAB (Autonomous University of Barcelona)) Catalan to Spanish (Spain, UAB (Autonomous University of Barcelona)) Spanish to Catalan (Spain, UAB (Autonomous University of Barcelona))
Memberships
Associació Professional de Traductors i Intèrprets de Cataluny, Associació Professional de Traductors i Intèrprets de Cataluny, Asociación Internacional de Traductores y Redactores de Medicin
Software
Across, Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, Trados Studio
I offer quality services for the translation and proofreading of all sorts of documents, in any format, for companies and individuals at competitive rates.
I specialize in the medical, dental and pharmaceutical fields and I have broad experience in translating software and manuals for medical and dental use.
- Graduated in Translation and Interpreting at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
- Over 15 years’ experience in the field of languages: translation, proofreading and technical writing.
- Member of the Association of Professional Translators and Interpreters of Catalonia (APTIC) and International Association of Translators and Editors in Medicine and Allied Sciences (TREMÉDICA).
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