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English to Spanish: Peru's Painful Mirror General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: International Org/Dev/Coop
Source text - English Horrendous atrocities were committed in Peru between 1980 and 2000 during the armed conflict between the government and Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso), a Maoist armed group. Nearly 70,000 people were killed, and thousands of others were tortured and raped. Indigenous people and those who lived in rural areas were hit in particular.
In 2001 Peru’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR) was set up to establish the truth about those two violent decades. Its other goals were to provide a degree of accountability and reparations for the victims, as well as to contribute to the foundation of national reconciliation. The CVR released its final report in 2003, and 10 years later, ICTJ takes an in-depth look at the impact the commission’s work has had on Peruvian society. Has it actually established the truth about the violent past? Has it somehow contributed to reconciliation in a country struggling with deep inequalities and undeniable racism? Peruvians are best placed to answer these questions, and ICTJ set out to listen to their reflections.
Carolina Oyague stood next to the Eye that Cries, an imposing stone sculpture in Lima to commemorate the victims of violence. She and hundreds of others have gathered here for years to remember those who were killed and disappeared during those two tumultuous decades. Carolina’s sister, Dora, was one of those killed.
This year’s gathering was special, because it marked the 10th anniversary of the CVR’s final report. Yet, a decade after the unprecedented report detailing the abuses and experiences suffered by hundreds of thousands of Peruvians, not much has changed for the victims and their relatives. “We keep searching for justice that dignifies our loved ones, and all of us as a society,” Carolina said during her speech. “There’s still much to achieve in terms of justice and reparations.”
The 32-year-old geneticist is clad in black and wears opaque sunglasses. “I started looking at pictures of Dora last night, and I couldn’t sleep,” she said. She arrived at 6 in the morning with other relatives of victims at Campo de Marte, the park where the Eye that Cries stands, to set up the “altar”–rows of dozens of black and white photographs of those killed and disappeared taped to sticks and stuck into the lawn near the sculpture.
Dora’s photo stands in the second row. It shows a woman with frizzy black hair and a somber expression that made her look older than 21. She was a student at Enrique Guzmán y Valle University, better known as La Cantuta, on the outskirts of Lima. On July 18, 1992, Dora and Carolina were to attend a friend’s birthday party, but Dora never showed up. That night, Carolina recalled, she woke up suddenly. “I could hear Dora’s voice, I could feel her anxiety, she was asking me to go into her room.” But the room was empty. “I started praying by her bed, and suddenly I felt like a hit on my neck. And nothing else.”
That was the same night that Grupo Colina, a death squad acting on behalf of then-President Alberto Fujimori, abducted nine students and one professor from La Cantuta on allegations that they were affiliated with armed groups. Dora was one of the two female students abducted. After torturing and executing the victims, the death squad buried their bodies. As public pressure to know what happened grew in the following days, the perpetrators secretly exhumed some of the bodies, burned their remains in an attempt to avoid their identification, and reburied them in a different location.
“We immediately started searching for Dora everywhere, in every police and military station,” Carolina said. They searched for weeks, but the only response they got from the government came five months later in a letter stating that her sister “didn’t exist.” “It was very painful to read that in a document written by the government,” she explained. “But it also marked a milestone in my life and my search for justice.” She was 12 years old at the time.
Translation - Spanish Durante el conflicto armado que tuvo lugar en el Perú entre 1980 y 2000, resultado del enfrentamiento entre el Gobierno y el grupo maoísta Sendero Luminoso, se cometieron terribles atrocidades. Cerca de 70.000 personas fueron asesinadas, y otros cientos de miles fueron torturadas y violadas. Los pueblos indígenas, así como los habitantes de zonas rurales, fueron los más golpeados por la violencia.
Con el objetivo de esclarecer la verdad sobre esas dos décadas funestas se creó en 2001 la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación (CVR). Entre sus principales objetivos se contaban también proveer un cierto grado de justicia, reparar a las víctimas y contribuir a la fundación de la reconciliación nacional. La CVR publicó su informe final en 2003 y, diez años después, el ICTJ se acerca a la realidad peruana para conocer en profundidad el impacto que ha tenido el trabajo de la comisión en la sociedad. ¿Ha establecido efectivamente la verdad sobre el violento pasado? ¿Ha contribuido de alguna forma a la reconciliación en un país agrietado por las desigualdades y el racismo? Los peruanos son quienes mejor pueden responder a estas preguntas, y por eso el ICTJ quiso escuchar sus reflexiones.
Carolina Oyague está de pie junto al Ojo que Llora, una conmovedora escultura de piedra erigida en Lima para conmemorar a las víctimas de la violencia. Cada año, cientos de personas se reúnen junto a la estatua para recordar a los que fueron asesinados y desaparecidos durante las dos tumultuosas décadas de los 80 y los 90. Carolina perdió a su hermana mayor, Dora.
El encuentro de este año es especial, ya que se celebra el décimo aniversario de la publicación del informe final de la CVR. Sin embargo, una década después, las demandas de las víctimas y sus familiares no han variado mucho. “Los familiares de las víctimas seguimos buscando justicia que los dignifique, que nos dignifique a todos como sociedad”, demanda Carolina durante su discurso, con voz temblorosa. “Queda mucho por alcanzar justicia y una reparación digna”.
La genetista, de 32 años, va toda vestida de negro y protege sus ojos con unas gafas de sol opacas. “Anoche me puse a mirar fotos de Dora y ya no pude dormir”, confiesa. Junto con otros familiares, lleva desde las seis de la mañana en el Campo de Marte, el parque donde se encuentra el Ojo que Llora, para montar el “altar”: decenas de fotos en blanco y negro de aquellos asesinados y desaparecidos clavadas en el césped y alineadas bajo la palabra “justicia”, delineada en pétalos de flores.
La fotografía de Dora se encuentra en la segunda fila. Muestra a una mujer de pelo negro, encrespado, con una expresión sombría que la hace parecer mayor de lo que es (21 años). Estudiaba en la Universidad Enrique Guzmán y Valle, más conocida como La Cantuta, a las afueras de Lima. El 18 de julio de 1992, Dora y Carolina estaban invitadas a una fiesta de cumpleaños de una amiga, pero Dora nunca apareció. Carolina recuerda que esa noche se despertó sobresaltada. “Dora me llamaba, me llamaba a su cuarto”, pero el cuarto estaba vacío. “Yo solo sentí su angustia, sentí que ella me necesitaba. Me puse a rezar al pie de su cama y en algún momento sentí como un golpe detrás de la nuca. Y ya no la sentí más”.
Esa misma noche miembros Grupo Colina, el escuadrón de la muerte que actuaba bajo el mando del entonces presidente Alberto Fujimori, secuestraron a nueve estudiantes y un profesor de La Cantuta porque sospechaban que estaban involucrados con grupos subversivos. Dora fue una de las dos mujeres secuestradas. Tras torturar y ejecutar a las víctimas, los miembros del escuadrón enterraron los cuerpos. A los pocos días la presión pública por saber la verdad sobre lo ocurrido se disparó, y, en secreto, los asesinos exhumaron algunos de los cuerpos, quemaros los restos y los enterraron en un lugar distinto.
“Empezamos a buscar a Dora en todas las dependencias militares, policiales, cárceles”, cuenta Carolina. La buscaron durante semanas, pero la única respuesta que obtuvieron por parte del Gobierno fue una carta, cinco meses después, en la que se negaba la existencia de su hermana. “Fue muy duro leerlo en un documento escrito por el Estado, pero también marcó el quiebre, el inicio de mi compromiso por la búsqueda de justicia”, recuerda Carolina, quien por entonces tenía 12 años.
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Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: Mar 2020.
English to Spanish (BA in Journalism) English to Spanish (MA in Literary Journalism) German to Spanish (Obertuffenprüfung (C2))
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Hi! I'm a professional writer and editor with 10+ years experience working for international non-profit organizations like the United Nations, the UN Refugee Agency and the International Center for Transitional Justice.
Fields of expertise: human rights, international law, gender, development, economics, immigration, law. Also interested in arts, literature, culture, technology, A.I., marketing translation.
Experience translating both short and long documents, from press releases and web content to full reports.
For the last 10 years, I have been living in the United States. I have a master's degree in narrative journalism from New York University (a program fully taught in English) and I have also worked as a senior editor and writer for the UN Refugee Agency's global, English website.
I also studied and lived in Berlin, Germany with a scholarship from the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes and the Hertie Stiftung, and I have a full professional command of the language, with C2 level/Oberstufenprüfung degree, now called Großes Deutsches Sprachdiplom.
Keywords: spanish, human rights, report, press release, web content, localization, marketing, development, international affairs, international law. See more.spanish, human rights, report, press release, web content, localization, marketing, development, international affairs, international law, justice, gender, women's rights, migration, global, Latin America. See less.
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