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Spanish to English: La terminación de la dormición de las semillas en un pastizal natural depende de la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo General field: Other Detailed field: Botany
Source text - Spanish Abstract
Se estudio el efecto del potencial hídrico del sustrato sobre la capacidad de las semillas de un pastizal natural de percibir las señales que se manifiestan cuando se abre un gap y que intervienen en la terminación de la dormición. En experimentos en mesocosmos y en laboratorio se evaluó, en diferentes tratamientos de potencial hídrico, la respuesta de la germinación de las semillas del pastizal a la luz y a la alternancia de temperaturas. El potencial hídrico del sustrato tuvo una influencia decisiva en la capacidad de las semillas de percibir las señales para terminar la dormición, dos gramíneas nativas del pastizal fueron capaces de percibir las señales a más bajo potencial agua que las dos dicotiledóneas exóticas que germinaron del banco natural de semillas del suelo. Las cuatro especies constituyeron el 90 % del total de las plántulas emergidas en ese momento. Estas respuestas afectarían la composición florística y la densidad de las plántulas de las especies que colonizan los claros en el pastizal, las que dependerían de la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo en ese momento. En este aspecto, podría concluirse que la capacidad de las gramíneas que germinaron en este experimento de percibir las señales de los claros en el campo a potenciales agua más bajos que las dicotiledóneas podría conferirles mayor habilidad para colonizar el pastizal durante una sequía.
Translation - English Seeds dormancy termination in natural grassland depends on water availability on the ground.
Abstract
The effect of the substratum’s water potential over the seeds’ capacity in a natural grassland to perceive the signals which become apparent when a gap is opened and which intervene in the end of dormancy were studied. Grassland seeds’ response to light and temperature alternation was tested under different potential water treatments in mesocosms and laboratory experiments. The substratum water potential had a crucial influence in the seeds' capacity to perceive signals to end dormancy. Two native grassland gramineous were able to perceive the signals to the lowest water potential in comparison to the two exotic dicotyledoneus which germinated from the seeds’ natural bank in the soil. The four species constituted the 90% of the total of the emerged plantules at that moment. These responses would affect the floral composition and the density of the plantules species which colonise the gaps in the grassland, which in turn would depend on the water availability in the soil at that moment. In this respect, it can be concluded that the capacity of the gramineous which germinated in this experiment can allow them to perceive the signals in the gap field to lower water potentials than the dicotyledoneus and could give them more ability to colonise the grassland during a drought.
English to Spanish: A posterior rhizotomy General field: Medical
Source text - English A posterior rhizotomy is typically performed during the same surgical session as the implantation of the XXXX Bladder System. The posterior rhizotomy is performed at the level of the conus medullaris through a laminectomy of T12 – L2. During this procedure, both the left and right posterior sacral roots (S2 through S5) are severed. A posterior rhizotomy has the following advantages:
• Causes complete detrusor areflexia, and thus abolishes reflex incontinence
• Increases bladder compliance
• Reduces the risk of ureteric reflux and hydronephrosis
• Abolishes spasticity of the external sphincter
• Abolishes autonomic dysreflexia triggered from the bladder and rectum
• Improves urine flow
2. What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
ADHD has three main types of symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Symptoms of inattention include not paying attention, making careless mistakes, not listening, not finishing tasks, not following directions, and being easily distracted. Symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness include fidgeting, talking excessively, running around at inappropriate times, and interrupting others. Some patients have more symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness while others have more symptoms of inattentiveness.
Part of the YYYY™ tablet dissolves right after you swallow it in the morning, giving you an initial dose of methylphenidate. The remaining drug is slowly released during the day to continue to help lessen the symptoms of ADHD.
Do not chew, crush, or divide the tablets. Swallow YYYY™ tablets whole with the help of water or other liquids, such as milk or juice. Your doctor may adjust the amount of drug you take until it is right for you. In the clinical studies with patients using YYYY™, the most common side effects were headache, stomach pain, sleeplessness, and decreased appetite. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, nervousness, tics, allergic reactions, increased blood pressure and psychosis (abnormal thinking or hallucinations).
Translation - Spanish 1. Rizotomía posterior
La rizotomía posterior se realiza por lo general durante la misma sección quirúrgica mientras se realiza la implantación del Sistema de Vejiga XXXX. Se realiza al nivel del cono medular a través una laminectomía de T12 – L2. Durante este procedimiento, se cortan las raíces del sacro posteriores izquierdas y derechas (de S2 a S5). La rizotomía posterior tiene las siguientes ventajas:
• Provoca arreflexia completa del detrusor y por lo tanto, suprime la incontinencia de reflejos.
• Incrementa la elasticidad de la vejiga.
• Reduce el riesgo de reflujo uretérico y de hidronefrosis.
• Suprime la espasticidad del esfínter externo.
• Suprime la disreflexia autonómica que es provocada por la vejiga y recto.
• Mejora el flujo de orina.
2. ¿Qué es el Trastorno de Hiperactividad con Déficit de Atención?
El THDA tiene tres tipos principales de síntomas: falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad. Los síntomas de falta de atención incluyen no solo no prestar atención, cometer errores por descuido, no escuchar, no finalizar las tareas, no seguir instrucciones y distraerse con facilidad. Los Síntomas de hiperactividad e impulsividad incluyen moverse inquietamente, hablar en exceso, dar vueltas en los momentos inapropiados e interrumpir a otros. Algunos pacientes tienen más síntomas de hiperactividad e impulsividad, mientras que otros tienen más síntomas de falta de atención.
Una parte de la pastilla YYYY® se disuelve al poco tiempo de haberla ingerido a la mañana y le otorga una dosis inicial de metilfenidato. El resto de la droga es despedida lentamente durante el día para que continúe ayudando a disminuir los síntomas de THDA.
No mastique, aplaste o corte las pastillas. Ingiera por completo las pastillas YYYY® con la ayuda de agua u otros líquidos como la leche o el jugo. Su médico podrá ajustar la cantidad de droga que tome hasta que el nivel sea adecuado para usted. En los estudios clínicos realizados con pacientes que utilizaban YYYY®, los efectos secundarios más comunes fueron dolor de cabeza, de estómago, insomnio y falta de apetito. Otros efectos secundarios incluyen nauseas, vómitos, mareos, nerviosismo, tics nerviosos, reacciones alérgicas, incremento de la presión sanguínea y psicosis (pensamientos anormales o alucinaciones).
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Translation education
PhD - UNLP
Experience
Years of experience: 21. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2001.
English to Spanish (Matr�cula provincial Buenos Aires) English to Spanish (Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires)
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Certified by the Supreme Court of the Province of Buenos Aires, CTPCBA
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Adobe Acrobat, Dreamweaver, Frontpage, Idiom, memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, office 2007, word, excel, outlook express, corel 9, etc., Powerpoint, SDLX, Trados Studio, Wordfast
CV/Resume
CV available upon request
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Meet new translation company clients
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Network with other language professionals
Get help with terminology and resources
Get help on technical issues / improve my technical skills
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Help or teach others with what I have learned over the years
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Bio
I've been a professional Sworn translator for more than 15 years already. I work with national and international companies and individuals providing high quality services and products. I provide translation, proofreading and review services. My areas of specialization are mainly technical (gas and oil industries, technology, communication and safety systems etc.), medicine (pharmacology), certificates, court proceedings, among others. Some of my translations have been published in the local press and in international magazines such as BIOCYCLE. Some others were presented in countries outside Argentina, as well. I also translated many web pages, books, certificates, agreements, instruction manuals and proofread and transcribed audio and video.
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