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English to Portuguese: Plate Tectonics Article/Artigo sobre Tectónica de Placas (GeologyPage.com) General field: Science Detailed field: Geology
Source text - English A new study suggests that plate tectonics—a scientific theory that divides the earth into large chunks of crust that move slowly over hot viscous mantle rock—could have been active from the planet’s very beginning. The new findings defy previous beliefs that tectonic plates were developed over the course of billions of years.
The paper, published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, has important implications in the fields of geochemistry and geophysics. For example, a better understanding of plate tectonics could help predict whether planets beyond our solar system could be hospitable to life.
“Plate tectonics set up the conditions for life,” said Nick Dygert, assistant professor of petrology and geochemistry in UT’s Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and coauthor of the study. “The more we know about ancient plate tectonics, the better we can understand how Earth got to be the way it is now.”
For the research, Dygert and his team looked into the distribution of two very specific noble gas isotopes: Helium-3 and Neon-22. Noble gases are those that don’t react to any other chemical element.
Previous models have explained the Earth’s current Helium-3/Neon-22 ratio by arguing that a series of large-scale impacts (like the one that produced our moon) resulted in massive magma oceans, which degassed and incrementally increased the ratio of the Earth each time.
However, Dygert believes the scenario is unlikely.
“While there is no conclusive evidence that this didn’t happen,” he said, “it could have only raised the Earth’s Helium-3/Neon-22 ratio under very specific conditions.”
Instead, Dygert and his team believe the Helium-3/Neon-22 ratio raised in a different way.
As the Earth’s crust is continuously formed, the ratio of helium to neon in the mantle beneath the crust increases. By calculating this ratio in the mantle beneath the crust, and considering how this process would affect the bulk Earth over long periods of time, a rough timeline of Earth’s tectonic plate cycling can be established.
“Helium-3 and Neon-22 were produced during the formation of the solar system and not by other means,” Dygert said. “As such, they provide valuable insight into Earth’s earliest conditions and subsequent geologic activity.”
Translation - Portuguese Um novo estudo sugere que a tectónica de placas - uma teoria científica que divide a Terra em grandes blocos de crosta que se movem lentamente sobre as rochas quentes e viscosas do manto - pode ter estado ativa desde a origem do planeta. As novas descobertas desafiam a anterior convicção de que a tectónica de placas foi estabelecida ao longo de biliões de anos.
Este estudo, publicado na “Earth and Planetary Science Letters”, tem importantes implicações nas áreas da geoquímica e geofísica. Por exemplo, um melhor conhecimento da tectónica de placas pode ajudar a prever se os planetas fora do nosso sistema solar poderiam sustentar vida.
“A tectónica de placas estabeleceu as condições para a vida”, afirmou Nick Dygert, professor assistente de petrologia e geoquímica no Departamento de Ciências da Terra e Planetárias da Universidade do Tennessee e coautor do estudo. “Quanto mais sabemos acerca da tectónica de placas remota, melhor podemos entender como a Terra se tornou naquilo que é hoje”.
Para a pesquisa, Dygert e a sua equipa analisaram a distribuição de dois isótopos de gases nobres muito específicos: o Hélio-3 e o Néon-22. Gases nobres são aqueles elementos que não reagem com outros elementos químicos.
Modelos anteriores têm explicado a atual razão Hélio-3/Neon-22 alegando que uma série de impactos à escala global (como o que formou a nossa lua) produziram imensos oceanos de magma, que se desgaseificaram e, a cada vez, aumentaram gradualmente a proporção da Terra.
No entanto, Dygert acredita que este cenário é improvável.
“Embora não haja provas conclusivas que isto não aconteceu,” disse ele “só poderia ter causado o aumento da razão Hélio-3/Néon-22 dentro de condições muito específicas”.
Ao invés, Dygert e a sua equipa acreditam que a razão Hélio-3/Néon-22 aumentou de forma distinta.
Como a crosta da Terra está em constante formação, a razão do hélio para o néon aumenta no manto abaixo da crosta. Ao calcular esta razão no manto sob a crosta, e considerando como este processo afetaria a maior parte da Terra ao longo de grandes períodos de tempo, pode ser estabelecida uma cronologia aproximada do ciclo da tectónica de placas da Terra.
“O Hélio-3 e o Néon-22 foram produzidos durante a formação do sistema solar e não por outros meios,” disse Dygert. “Como tal, fornecem um conhecimento valioso sobre as condições iniciais da Terra e a atividade geológica subsequente”.
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I am a professional translator with experience in a variety of fields. I believe in learning and growing and always prioritize quality.
My professional background is in Geology. I have worked in the Mineral Industry for several years, with Canadian, Australian, andPortuguesecompanies. During this professional path, I was always in touch with the academic and scientific world working, as I did, in the science field. It also allowed me to gain experience in translation, and to advance my language skills by working in multicultural environments.
Since then, I have discovered translation as a profession and gained a passion for it. I have several years of translation and subtitling experience in the entertainment and general science fields, and I currently collaborate in software localization, LQA, and hardware projects for several well-known end clients.
Keywords: portuguese, geology, earth sciences, environment, global warming, mineral resources, mining, petrology, petrography, mineralogy. See more.portuguese, geology, earth sciences, environment, global warming, mineral resources, mining, petrology, petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry, geophysics, biology, mathematics, tourism, Portugal, oceans, entertainment, subtitling, technical, safety, SH&E, Internet, localization, technology, IT, coding, software, shows, medical. See less.
