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DAVE20134

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Spanish to English: Políticas públicas relacionadas con el VIH/SIDA/ Public Policy relating to HIV/AIDS General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - Spanish Políticas publicas relacionadas con el VIH/SIDA: tensión entre las necesidades individuales y colectivas. Una agenda de trabajo para la psicología en América Latina. La epidemia del VIH/SIDA ha impactado las vidas de millones de personas a nivel mundial. América Latina y el Caribe no han sido la excepción con casi dos millones de casos acumulados hasta en el año 2002. Ambas aéreas en conjunto tuvieron un estimado de 190,000 nuevas infecciones por VIH solamente en el año 2001 y el Caribe continúa siendo la segunda región de mayor impacto de la epidemia después de África Sub Sahara (UNAIDS, 2002). Estos números reflejan la aún vigente necesidad de trabajo frente a esta epidemia. La psicología ha contribuido al desarrollo de estrategias para lidiar con la epidemia. Particularmente en el desarrollo de intervenciones preventivas para controlar su impacto. A partir de contribuciones psicológicas se han explorado factores de riesgo al contagio, la relación de la conducta con actitudes, normas y creencias, y del impacto de la auto-eficacia y de las destrezas de comunicación de las personas (Kelly, 1995; NADR, 1994). También ha colaborado en adelantos en el área de la prevención secundaria y en la importancia del tratamiento y del impacto de los aspectos psicosociales en el desarrollo de la enfermedad (Bird, 1993; Britton et al, 1993; Straits-Troster, 1994). Sin embargo, todavía existe un área de gran importancia para combatir la epidemia en la cual la psicología necesita adentrarse con mayor profundidad; la política pública en torno al VIH/SIDA. El llamado a plantearse visiones multidisciplinarias para combatir la epidemia se ha hecho (Díaz-Loving, 2001). Sin embargo, la psicología como disciplina ha tenido pasos tibios en adentrarse en el campo de desarrollo y formulación de políticas publicas. Aunque algunos psicólogos/as han hecho suyo el campo de "lo político" como parte de la Psicología Política (McGuire, 1993; Montero, 1987; Salazar, 2001), el trabajo directo con políticas públicas del Estado parece ser campo exclusivo de personas que ocupan posiciones gubernamentales. Esta realidad no nos debe sorprender ya que nuestro adiestramiento profesional como psicólogos/as tradicionalmente no se concentra en esferas de trabajo político ni de intervenciones en instituciones gubernamentales. Aunque algunas ramas de la psicología como la Social-Comunitaria han planteado la necesidad de llevar a cabo intervenciones para el cambio social en estas esferas (Serrano-García y Bravo Vick, 1998), su llamado no se ha materializado al nivel que desearíamos algunos psicólogos/as. (extracto del texto original de Varas Díaz, Nelson y Alfonso, José Toro Políticas públicas relacionadas con el VIH/SIDA: tensión entre las necesidades individuales y colectivas. Una agenda de trabajo para la psicología en América Latina. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, año/vol. 35, numero 002, pp. 195-206 www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=80535207)	Translation - English Public Policy relating to HIV/AIDS: the tension between individual and collective needs. An agenda for psychology in Latin America. The AIDS epidemic has impacted the lives of millions of people world-wide. Latin America and the Caribbean are no exceptions, with almost two million cases by 2002. For both areas combined, there were an estimated 190,000 new HIV infections in 2001 alone. The Caribbean continues to be the second most impacted region after sub-Saharan Africa (UNAIDS, 2002). These figures reflect the ongoing need to fight against this epidemic. Psychology has contributed to the development of strategies to fight the epidemic, particularly in the development of preventative actions to control its impact. Based on the contributions of psychology, risk factors for infection, and the relationship between behaviour and social attitudes, and between norms and beliefs have been studied. In addition, psychology has contributed to understanding the impact of self-efficacy and communication and negotiation skills (Kelly, 1995; NADR, 1994). Psychology has also contributed to advances in the area of secondary prevention and in the study of the importance of treatment and the impact of psycho-social aspects in the development of the illness (Bird, 1993; Britton et al., 1993; Straits-Troster, 1994). Nevertheless, there is still an area of great importance which psychology needs to study in greater depth in order to combat the epidemic: public policy around HIV and AIDS. The call has been issued to consider multidisciplinary approaches to combat the epidemic (Díaz-Loving, 2001). However, as a discipline, psychology has only made timid steps in getting involved in development and formulation of public policy. Although some psychologists have embraced "the political" as part of political psychology (McGuire, 1993; Montero, 1987; Salazar, 2001), direct work with State public policy seems to be the exclusive domain of those who occupy government positions. This reality should not surprise us, since our professional training traditionally does not dwell on the sphere of political activity nor in involvement with government institutions. Although some branches of psychology, such as social and community psychology, have posited the necessity to carry out interventions to effect social change in these areas (Stefan-García and Bravo Vick, 1998), their call has not materialized in results to the extent that some of us psychologists would wish.
English to Spanish: Why spoiled babies grow up to be smarter, kinder kids/ Por qué los bebés malcriados crecen para convertirse en niños inteligentes y simpáticos General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Psychology
Source text - English Although there were some differences between American and Chinese practices, “we found mostly parallels,” Narvaez notes. Given that highly affectionate parenting practices are similar to the practices anthropologists believe parents used during the thousands of years that humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies, it’s likely that they are closely matched with what a developing baby’s brain naturally expects. Consider the way babies instinctively cry when put to sleep alone. In the early human environment, a child would never have slept more than arm’s reach from his parents or other caregivers. Lone sleeping may elicit a stress response in the baby because it’s not the “safe” environment that the brain is programmed to expect. The fact that most babies can adjust to it anyway shows how flexible and “plastic” brain development is — but Narvaez’ research suggests that meeting the brain’s early expectations may have added benefits. “What’s been studied most is responsivity,” she says, referring to the way parents respond to their babies and act accordingly, for example, noticing when they are about to cry and reacting appropriately to subtle positive and negative signals about what they want. “[Responsivity] is clearly linked with moral development. It helps foster an agreeable personality, early conscience development and greater prosocial behavior.” (Excerpt from Szalavitz, Maria "Why spoiled babies grow up to be smarter, kinder kids". Time, September 29, 2010 http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/29/no-such-thing-as-too-much-love-spoiled-babies-grow-up-to-be-smarter-kinder-kids/?artid=10504?contType=article?chn=us)	Translation - Spanish Aunque hubo diferencias entre las prácticas norteamericanas y chinas, en la mayoría "hemos encontrado semejanzas", indica Narváez. Dado que las maneras altamente afectuosas del cuidar de los niños se parecen (según los antropólogos) a cómo los padres cuidaban de los niños durante los miles de años de existencia humana en sociedades de cazadores-recolectores, entonces es muy probable que esas maneras correspondan a las expectativas naturales del cerebro infantil en vías de desarrollo. Hay que pensar en cómo los bebés gritan instintivamente cuando se les pone a dormir solos. En la época de los primeros humanos, un niño jamás hubiera dormido más lejos del alcance de la mano de sus padres o de otras personas que cuidaban de él. Dormir solo puede causar una respuesta de estrés en el bebé porque no está en el medio ambiente "seguro" que su cerebro ya está estructurado para reconocer como tal. El hecho de que la mayoría de los bebés pueden, sin embargo, adaptarse a ello (el dormir solos) demuestra lo flexible y lo maleable que es el desarrollo del cerebro. Pero la investigación de Narváez lleva a pensar que si la manera de cuidar del bebé concuerda con las primeras expectativas del cerebro infantil, eso puede ser más beneficioso. "Lo que se ha estudiado más es la receptividad" dice ella, refiriéndose a la manera en que los padres responden a sus bebés. Como por ejemplo cuando los padres se fijan en que sus bebés están por llorar y reaccionan de manera apropiada a las sutiles señas positivas y negativas de sus bebés acerca de lo que quieren. "[La receptividad] está claramente relacionada con el desarrollo moral. Ayuda a promover en el niño una personalidad agradable, un desarrollo temprano de la conciencia y un mayor comportamiento pro-social".
French to English: Les héros n'ont pas d'âge/ A hero at any age General field: Other Detailed field: Journalism
Source text - French Les héros n'ont pas d'âge Il a sept ans, est en deuxième année, il s'appelle Danick Hébert. Les cheveux coupés court, le regard direct et franc, il a une bouille de petit garçon qui n'a pas froid aux yeux malgré une réserve naturelle. Le lendemain du jour de l'An, il est allé se promener sur le lac Saint-Pierre à Trois-Rivières où il habite, accompagné de sa grand-mère et de son cousin Julien, 11 ans. Ce dernier précédait Danick et sa grand-mère. Hélas, la glace a cédé sous son poids. «À l'idée de voir mon cousin dans l'eau jusqu'au cou, j'ai dit: "Je ne laisserai pas faire ça."» Ce sont les paroles exactes de Danick devant la caméra du journaliste venu l'interroger. Le garçonnet n'a écouté que son courage. Il s'est couché de tout son long sur la glace et a tendu son bâton de hockey, sauvant d'une mort certaine son cousin, plus grand et plus gros que lui. On lui décernera bientôt la médaille de la bravoure. Depuis ce temps, il a retrouvé ses jouets et sa classe. Il ne pouvait pas laisser Julien périr dans l'eau glacée du lac, tout simplement. Il aurait pu se mettre à pleurer, s'enfuir vers la rive devant la glace qui cédait. Mais Danick est un héros, ce que son entourage ignorait sans doute. C'est ainsi qu'on reconnaît les héros. Quel que soit leur âge, leurs réflexes et leur instinct freinent la panique et la peur. À sept ans, un petit garçon peut donc faire preuve d'un sang-froid que lui envieraient nombre d'adultes. À le voir à la télévision l'autre soir, sérieux, s'exprimant avec précision, peu impressionné par l'intérêt médiatique à son endroit, l'on devine l'homme responsable capable d'affronter l'adversité qu'il deviendra à condition que la vie lui épargne des épreuves insurmontables. (extrait de l'article "Les héros n'ont pas d'âge", Le Devoir, 15 janvier, 2011. Montréal, Québec, CANADA. www.ledevoir.com/actualites-en-societe/314741/les-heros-n-ont-pas-d-age)	Translation - English A hero at any age He is seven years old, in grade 2, and his name is Danick Hébert. His hair cut short, he gazes straight at you, with the look of a little boy who isn't afraid of anything, despite his reserved demeanour. The day after New Year's, he went for a walk along Lac Saint-Pierre near Trois Rivières, where he lives, along with his grandmother and his cousin Julien, 11 years old. Julien was walking ahead of Danick and their grandmother. Unfortunately the ice gave way under his weight. "Just seeing my cousin in the water up to his neck, I said to myself, 'I won't let this happen' ". Those were the exact words of Danick to the journalist who came to interview him. The little boy didn't think, he just acted. He lay down full-length on the ice and held out his hockey stick, saving his larger and heavier cousin from certain death. He will soon be awarded the Medal of Bravery. Since then, he has gone back to his toys and school. He just couldn't let Julien perish in the icy water of the lake, that's all. He could have started crying and run away toward the shore, away from the ice that was giving way. But Danick is a hero, something that his friends and family didn't realize. That's how one recognizes a hero, whatever their age; their reflexes and instincts curb their fear. So, at seven years old, a little boy can demonstrate a presence of mind that many adults would envy. Watching him on TV the other night, serious, expressing himself clearly, unimpressed by the media interest, one could foresee the responsible man he will become. He will be capable of facing adversity, as long as life spares him insuperable challenges.
English to French: Maid to Order/ Domestique sur commande General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Journalism
Source text - English It helps to make the room Roomba-friendly by clearing up clutter and closing doors before you let it loose. But Roomba gets the job done- as long as the job isn't too big- and it sure beats doing it yourself. Angle hopes that one day Roomba will do for vacuuming what dishwashers did for dishwashing. That day isn't here quite yet, but it's coming, and perhaps soon. Don't believe it? The big players are already moving in; companies like Hoover, Electrolux and Dyson are working on their won vacuum-cleaner robots, though they have yet to bring one to market in the U.S. [...] Roomba will go on sale this week at roombavac.com and in retail stores, and on the Home Shopping Network shortly afterward. The first shot in the robot revolution has been fired, and the race to build the first successful PR (personal robot) is on. Is vacuuming the killer app robots have been waiting for? Is iRobot the first of the (gulp!) botcoms? If it is, one thing is clear: Roomba won't be the only one that cleans up. Excerpt from: Maid to Order: A little Robot called Roomba vacuums your house while you lounge by the pool, Time, Saturday September 14, 2002. www.time.com/magazine/article/0,9171,1003284,00.html	Translation - French Domestique sur commande Pour rendre la pièce plus accessible pour Roomba, il faudra ranger vos affaires et fermer les portes avant de le lâcher. Mais Roomba fait l'affaire, tant que la tâche n'est pas trop difficile, et cela vaut mieux que de le faire tout seul. Angle espère qu'un jour Roomba fera pour l'aspirateur ce que le lave-vaisselle a fait pour la plonge. Ce jour-là n'est pas encore arrivé. Pourtant, il viendra peut-être plus tôt qu'on ne le pense. Vous n'y croyez pas? Déjà, les grands protagonistes commencent à lorgner ce marché; des sociétés telles que Hoover, Electrolux et Dyson travaille sur leurs propres projets de robot-aspirateur, cependant pas encore commercialisé aux États-Unis. Roomba sera mis en vente sure le site roombavac.com, et dans les magasins de vente au détail, et sur Home Shopping Network peu après. Le premier coup de la révolution robotique a été tiré et la course est ouverte pour construire le premier robot personnel (RP) réussi. Est-ce que cette capacité de servir comme aspirateur sera le détonateur des ventes de robots? iRobot sera-t-il le premier d'une série (j'ai la gorge serrée) de réussites de l'industrie robotique? Dans ce cas, une chose est certaine: Roomba ne sera pas le seul robot à faire le gros coup.