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Türkü Naz Altınay
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Aug 5, 2022 (posted via ProZ.com): Open to translation, editing, interpreting and proofreading assignments in literature, art, marketing, legal and technical areas for EN-TR language pair. ...more, + 4 other entries »

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English to Turkish: BBC- Power of Art by Simon Schama - Bernini General field: Art/Literary
Source text - English 1 00:00:16,878 --> 00:00:19,312 She's in ecstasy all right. 2 00:00:22,598 --> 00:00:25,556 Her head is thrown back, her mouth open. 3 00:00:26,518 --> 00:00:29,112 Her heavy-lidded eyes are half-closed. 4 00:00:31,878 --> 00:00:36,030 An angelic hand is delicately uncovering her breast. 5 00:00:40,118 --> 00:00:41,756 You have to look. 6 00:00:43,478 --> 00:00:45,673 You don't know where to look. 7 00:00:57,358 --> 00:01:00,873 A century after Bernini created this sculpture, 8 00:01:00,958 --> 00:01:03,677 a French art lover, doing the tour of Rome, 9 00:01:03,758 --> 00:01:07,387 came into this church, peered at the spectacle and said, 10 00:01:07,478 --> 00:01:12,188 ''Well, if that's divine love, I know all about it. '' 11 00:01:15,558 --> 00:01:17,230 So, what is this? 12 00:01:18,318 --> 00:01:21,196 Surely not an erotic trance, 13 00:01:21,278 --> 00:01:23,712 not from the most devout sculptor in Rome. 14 00:01:29,398 --> 00:01:32,310 No one who was the bosom friend of popes, 15 00:01:32,398 --> 00:01:34,707 a pillar of the Catholic establishment, 16 00:01:34,798 --> 00:01:40,634 could possibly want us to see a nun in the throes of orgasm, 17 00:01:41,878 --> 00:01:43,914 could he? 18 00:02:21,158 --> 00:02:27,347 It's no good pretending that ecstasy isn't a physical as well as a spiritual experience. 19 00:02:27,958 --> 00:02:31,792 That passion doesn't work through the body as well as the soul. 20 00:02:34,678 --> 00:02:37,272 Bernini knew all about passion. 21 00:02:37,998 --> 00:02:40,228 That's what his art was about. 22 00:02:42,438 --> 00:02:46,989 It was this physical intensity that would transform sculpture. 23 00:02:50,478 --> 00:02:55,711 No one before Bernini had managed to make marble so carnal. 24 00:02:58,798 --> 00:03:04,953 In his nimble hands, it would flutter and stream, quiver and sweat. 25 00:03:09,478 --> 00:03:11,867 His figures weep and shout, 26 00:03:11,958 --> 00:03:15,553 their torsos twist and run and arch themselves 27 00:03:15,638 --> 00:03:18,675 in spasms of intense sensation. 28 00:03:20,598 --> 00:03:25,831 He could, like an alchemist, change one material into another. 29 00:03:26,678 --> 00:03:31,229 Marble into trees, leaves, hair 30 00:03:31,318 --> 00:03:33,957 and, of course, flesh. 31 00:03:45,518 --> 00:03:50,353 The whole point of classical sculpture was to make humans less so, 32 00:03:50,438 --> 00:03:54,954 to give mortal flesh the heavyweight smoothness of immortality. 33 00:03:55,518 --> 00:03:59,431 So many of them end up looking divine, but bloodless. 34 00:04:14,998 --> 00:04:17,353 But then, along comes Bernini, 35 00:04:17,438 --> 00:04:21,272 and suddenly even Michelangelo's David looks immobile 36 00:04:21,358 --> 00:04:24,828 beside Bernini's whirling, twisting tornado. 37 00:04:28,918 --> 00:04:34,436 If sculpture was supposed to convey gravity, Bernini would defy it. 38 00:04:34,518 --> 00:04:39,717 His figures break loose from their plinths, flying away into space. 39 00:04:49,118 --> 00:04:51,074 For as long as anyone could remember, 40 00:04:51,438 --> 00:04:55,590 Gian Lorenzo Bernini had startled the people who mattered. 41 00:05:00,918 --> 00:05:03,671 Brought before the Pope when he was just eight, 42 00:05:03,758 --> 00:05:06,670 he did a lightning sketch of St Paul's head 43 00:05:06,758 --> 00:05:11,752 that prompted the astonished Pope to tip the little boy as the next Michelangelo. 44 00:05:16,638 --> 00:05:20,551 His father, Pietro, was a sculptor from Florence. 45 00:05:20,638 --> 00:05:23,789 Seldom better than competent and sometimes worse. 46 00:05:24,678 --> 00:05:28,034 But in his son, he knew a good thing when he saw it. 47 00:05:30,638 --> 00:05:34,677 ''Watch out, Signor Bernini,'' an admiring cardinal said, 48 00:05:34,758 --> 00:05:37,067 ''The boy will surpass his master.'' 49 00:05:42,238 --> 00:05:46,550 So, fast out of the starting blocks, our little prodigy. 50 00:05:52,638 --> 00:05:54,913 Here's a playful tour de force. 51 00:05:55,718 --> 00:05:59,950 Two little angels embrace in wide-eyed innocence. 52 00:06:01,118 --> 00:06:03,507 Bernini did this in his teens. 53 00:06:03,598 --> 00:06:07,955 He kept it on display on the landing of his house throughout his life. 54 00:06:09,998 --> 00:06:14,310 And this is his goat, Amalthea, and the infant Jupiter. 55 00:06:14,398 --> 00:06:18,676 A standard bit of mythology transformed into a romp 56 00:06:18,758 --> 00:06:21,750 with the shaggiest nanny goat in sculpture. 57 00:06:24,478 --> 00:06:29,506 What makes these little figures burst from their dull, mythological subject matter? 58 00:06:30,358 --> 00:06:32,633 They have the hot breath of life in them, 59 00:06:32,718 --> 00:06:36,711 lusty, mischievous, nursery school naughtiness. 60 00:06:46,838 --> 00:06:50,956 Bernini arrived in Rome in 1605. 61 00:06:53,758 --> 00:06:57,512 Just at the time that Caravaggio's punchy street dramas 62 00:06:57,598 --> 00:06:59,793 were electrifying the Church, 63 00:07:07,958 --> 00:07:11,428 giving it a new vision of how to move the flock. 64 00:07:12,278 --> 00:07:14,348 No more remote saints. 65 00:07:14,758 --> 00:07:18,637 Instead, the shock theatre of the earthy passions. 66 00:07:20,198 --> 00:07:22,917 Salvation in the guts. 67 00:07:26,438 --> 00:07:29,032 So how do you top Caravaggio? 68 00:07:29,118 --> 00:07:32,952 Answer: you can't, but in sculpture. 69 00:07:41,678 --> 00:07:46,468 This is St Lawrence being barbecued alive for his Christian beliefs. 70 00:07:47,558 --> 00:07:49,867 Bernini was 16 when he did this. 71 00:07:54,638 --> 00:07:58,870 He's trying to catch the moment of transcendent pain 72 00:07:58,958 --> 00:08:04,828 when, if we believe the legends, St Lawrence turns to his executioners and says, 73 00:08:04,918 --> 00:08:11,391 in a moment of macabre drollery, ''Right, turn me over, boys, this side's done. '' 74 00:08:12,718 --> 00:08:15,949 No wonder he became the patron saint of cooks. 75 00:08:19,798 --> 00:08:22,631 But there's something serious going on here. 76 00:08:22,718 --> 00:08:27,633 As Lawrence's hand touches the flame, a mysterious transformation takes place. 77 00:08:30,638 --> 00:08:36,474 The chroniclers said the smell of scorched flesh turned fragrant. 78 00:08:37,758 --> 00:08:40,511 Pain and sweetness become one. 79 00:08:41,478 --> 00:08:43,912 Torment becomes ecstasy. 80 00:08:46,598 --> 00:08:50,671 A rehearsal, perhaps, for a sweet ordeal to come. 81 00:08:56,358 --> 00:09:00,431 He loved playing with fire, did Bernini. Couldn't stop himself. 82 00:09:01,718 --> 00:09:03,868 Here he is as a damned soul. 83 00:09:04,398 --> 00:09:05,797 It's a self-portrait. 84 00:09:07,878 --> 00:09:11,188 Bernini has scorched his own arm in a naked flame, 85 00:09:11,358 --> 00:09:14,953 screaming in a mirror to get the expression just right. 86 00:09:17,518 --> 00:09:19,634 An extremist for his art, then, 87 00:09:19,718 --> 00:09:24,587 but also, perhaps, someone capable of impulsive acts of violence. 88 00:09:27,118 --> 00:09:29,188 Still, it's a drama of the flesh 89 00:09:29,278 --> 00:09:31,269 no one, not even Michelangelo, 90 00:09:31,358 --> 00:09:33,394 had made quite so gripping. 91 00:09:48,398 --> 00:09:51,515 It was enough to make one bigwig on the Roman scene, 92 00:09:51,598 --> 00:09:55,557 Cardinal Scipione Borghese, want to adopt Gian Lorenzo 93 00:09:55,638 --> 00:09:58,106 as his personal star property. 94 00:09:58,198 --> 00:10:02,191 Someone who'd make his fabulous new villa, up here on the Pincian Hill, 95 00:10:02,278 --> 00:10:04,917 the place to see great art. 96 00:10:04,998 --> 00:10:08,673 How the other red hats would gnash their teeth in envy. 97 00:10:17,678 --> 00:10:21,466 There was something larger than life about Scipione Borghese. 98 00:10:26,078 --> 00:10:31,277 The bull-like neck and head sat atop a jumbo body. 99 00:10:34,478 --> 00:10:36,594 Sly Bernini, 100 00:10:36,678 --> 00:10:40,956 using a button that can't quite make it through its hole 101 00:10:41,038 --> 00:10:46,158 to give us a feeling for the flesh tight-packed into the satin. 102 00:10:50,078 --> 00:10:54,435 The holy man of the Church is, above all, a physical presence. 103 00:10:55,958 --> 00:10:58,916 He looks more like a chef than His Eminence. 104 00:11:01,158 --> 00:11:04,787 What he was after, Bernini said, was a speaking likeness, 105 00:11:04,878 --> 00:11:07,711 because he thought that people gave themselves away 106 00:11:07,798 --> 00:11:12,314 most characteristically either just before or after they spoke. 107 00:11:16,878 --> 00:11:19,756 So he works his magic on Scipione. 108 00:11:20,358 --> 00:11:23,794 The little fringe poking out from the Cardinal's hat, 109 00:11:24,518 --> 00:11:28,397 the chipmunk cheeks, the fleshy, blubbery lips. 110 00:11:29,438 --> 00:11:35,229 Scipione's nose catching the light in such a way as to suggest a film of sweat. 111 00:11:35,998 --> 00:11:40,276 The natural effusion of a big man in a hot city. 112 00:11:48,758 --> 00:11:54,196 Rome, the holy metropolis, buzzing with worldly ambition. 113 00:11:54,278 --> 00:11:58,430 For the church aristocracy, it's not just the money you've got that counts. 114 00:11:58,518 --> 00:12:00,190 It's also the art. 115 00:12:01,598 --> 00:12:05,910 Painters, sculptors and architects are angling for patrons, 116 00:12:05,998 --> 00:12:09,786 and the Rothschilds and the Saatchis of their day, the popes and cardinals, 117 00:12:09,878 --> 00:12:13,268 are gambling on the next prize genius. 118 00:12:23,878 --> 00:12:28,713 Bernini, of course, has everything it takes to succeed. 119 00:12:28,798 --> 00:12:33,110 He's witty, charming, extremely well-connected, 120 00:12:33,198 --> 00:12:36,793 frighteningly cultured, ferociously disciplined, 121 00:12:36,878 --> 00:12:39,711 always delivers when he says he will 122 00:12:39,798 --> 00:12:41,595 and he doesn't drink. 123 00:12:46,998 --> 00:12:50,035 In other words, the opposite of Caravaggio. 124 00:12:54,358 --> 00:12:56,155 And how do we know all this? 125 00:12:56,238 --> 00:12:59,435 Well, someone had noted Bernini's every move. 126 00:13:00,198 --> 00:13:04,635 Filippo Baldinucci, minor painter, gossip and art critic. 127 00:13:05,318 --> 00:13:07,149 Not that important in himself, 128 00:13:07,238 --> 00:13:12,517 but someone who'd collected everything he could from those who knew Bernini, 129 00:13:12,598 --> 00:13:15,829 and turned it into his first proper biography. 130 00:13:38,838 --> 00:13:40,874 This is Apollo and Daphne. 131 00:13:41,758 --> 00:13:44,272 It's a story of sexual hunting. 132 00:13:46,478 --> 00:13:49,072 Apollo wants the nymph, Daphne. 133 00:13:49,598 --> 00:13:52,032 She definitely doesn't want him. 134 00:13:53,838 --> 00:13:56,113 He runs after her, 135 00:13:56,198 --> 00:13:58,348 and just as he's about to grab her, 136 00:13:58,438 --> 00:14:02,909 the gods answer her prayers by turning her into a laurel tree. 137 00:14:05,318 --> 00:14:07,673 It's all-action sculpture. 138 00:14:09,878 --> 00:14:12,995 Apollo breaking his breathless run, 139 00:14:13,078 --> 00:14:16,991 his cape and his hair still flying in the wind. 140 00:14:18,558 --> 00:14:22,267 Daphne, who's cornered, isn't rooted to the spot, 141 00:14:22,358 --> 00:14:27,113 except botanically, and seems to be climbing into the air, 142 00:14:28,278 --> 00:14:31,475 her mouth open wide in a scream. 143 00:14:32,318 --> 00:14:37,631 Hair and fingers already metamorphosing into leafy twigs. 144 00:14:44,078 --> 00:14:47,548 But the tease of the drama is the silky nude 145 00:14:48,638 --> 00:14:51,550 that Bernini's made available to us 146 00:14:51,638 --> 00:14:54,152 exactly as she disappears 147 00:14:54,238 --> 00:14:57,753 inside her protective casing of tree bark. 148 00:14:59,918 --> 00:15:03,115 A painfully thwarted consummation. 149 00:15:09,438 --> 00:15:10,632 It's not just me. 150 00:15:10,718 --> 00:15:13,915 A French cardinal said he wouldn't have it in his house 151 00:15:13,998 --> 00:15:19,356 because such a beautiful nude would be sure to arouse anybody who saw it. 152 00:15:19,438 --> 00:15:23,067 Bernini is said to have been really pleased when he heard that. 153 00:15:28,238 --> 00:15:32,072 Bernini is in his early 20s, a superstar. 154 00:15:32,758 --> 00:15:36,797 Someone on whom the mighty and the powerful almost fawn. 155 00:15:38,438 --> 00:15:41,635 One pope, Gregory XV, makes him a knight, 156 00:15:42,598 --> 00:15:46,113 so Bernini is known ever after as the Cavaliere. 157 00:15:47,758 --> 00:15:51,433 The next pope, Urban VIII, makes him his best friend. 158 00:15:52,318 --> 00:15:56,914 There's a story that when Cardinal Barberini became Pope Urban VIII, 159 00:15:56,998 --> 00:16:00,388 he called Bernini into his apartment and said... 160 00:16:38,718 --> 00:16:41,949 Bernini is Rome's supreme virtuoso. 161 00:16:42,038 --> 00:16:45,826 The emperor of the arts, and not just in sculpture. 162 00:16:45,918 --> 00:16:50,275 He's also a painter, a master builder and a playwright. 163 00:16:50,358 --> 00:16:54,146 And he has everything, charisma, swarthy good looks, 164 00:16:54,238 --> 00:16:57,150 money, status and enemies. 165 00:17:04,718 --> 00:17:07,278 This is Francesco Borromini, 166 00:17:08,078 --> 00:17:11,912 taciturn, neurotic, introverted, depressive. 167 00:17:12,638 --> 00:17:16,187 A man of absolutely no social graces whatsoever. 168 00:17:18,638 --> 00:17:20,151 For good and for ill, 169 00:17:20,238 --> 00:17:23,674 Borromini would play a pivotal role in Bernini's life. 170 00:17:24,718 --> 00:17:27,994 The two of them would trip over each other's ambitions, 171 00:17:28,078 --> 00:17:31,468 spur each other on to ever-greater heights, 172 00:17:31,558 --> 00:17:33,276 ever-greater risks. 173 00:17:35,358 --> 00:17:37,872 Borromini was a brilliant architect. 174 00:17:39,558 --> 00:17:45,554 He made walls and balconies curve and bulge where they had no right to. 175 00:17:46,958 --> 00:17:49,597 Ceilings that sing and throb. 176 00:17:53,998 --> 00:17:56,910 Here he is exaggerating perspective. 177 00:17:56,998 --> 00:18:00,388 Making the columns at the back much smaller than they should be 178 00:18:00,478 --> 00:18:04,756 in order to make the space much deeper than it really is. 179 00:18:04,838 --> 00:18:06,829 It's all eye wizardry. 180 00:18:18,078 --> 00:18:22,708 If two men were responsible for creating the look of baroque Rome, 181 00:18:22,798 --> 00:18:25,028 for making Rome Rome, 182 00:18:25,118 --> 00:18:28,633 those two men were Borromini and Bernini. 183 00:18:34,558 --> 00:18:36,628 And they hated each other. 184 00:18:41,798 --> 00:18:44,710 At first, it was a one-way rivalry. 185 00:18:44,798 --> 00:18:48,427 Borromini resented Bernini's popularity, 186 00:18:48,518 --> 00:18:50,713 his hogging of the limelight. 187 00:18:52,518 --> 00:18:54,827 It's a bit like Mozart and Salieri. 188 00:18:54,918 --> 00:18:58,752 Only there's no Salieri here, no weaker talent. 189 00:18:58,838 --> 00:19:00,669 They're both geniuses. 190 00:19:04,038 --> 00:19:08,907 Look at these two churches, just 200 yards away from each other, in Rome. 191 00:19:08,998 --> 00:19:11,990 One by Bernini, the other by Borromini. 192 00:19:14,278 --> 00:19:18,715 Here's the Borromini church, San Carlo delle Quattro Fontane. 193 00:19:19,918 --> 00:19:22,796 It's the work of an architect chess master, 194 00:19:24,158 --> 00:19:25,591 pure and austere. 195 00:19:25,678 --> 00:19:29,114 Just brick and stucco, no colour or sculpture allowed. 196 00:19:30,038 --> 00:19:34,270 Just mind-blowing designs, worked out from the higher geometry. 197 00:19:35,438 --> 00:19:38,555 The heavenly order of shapes and numbers. 198 00:19:43,638 --> 00:19:45,913 Now, here's the Bernini church. 199 00:19:46,478 --> 00:19:50,312 Loads of colour trowelled on, as if it were a stage set 200 00:19:50,398 --> 00:19:52,628 with full theatrical lighting. 201 00:19:56,238 --> 00:19:58,627 It's all look-at-me razzle-dazzle. 202 00:19:58,718 --> 00:20:02,074 Showy, visceral and sexy, just like him. 203 00:20:13,798 --> 00:20:19,668 The rivalry between Bernini and Borromini started in earnest in 1624, 204 00:20:20,198 --> 00:20:24,430 when someone had to be appointed the new architect for Saint Peter's, 205 00:20:25,478 --> 00:20:27,753 and get to build the baldachino, 206 00:20:28,398 --> 00:20:31,435 the enormous canopy over the tomb of Saint Peter, 207 00:20:31,518 --> 00:20:35,272 located directly under Michelangelo's great dome. 208 00:20:36,718 --> 00:20:38,948 It's the plummiest job in town. 209 00:20:41,478 --> 00:20:45,551 Now, at this stage, Borromini was far more qualified than Bernini. 210 00:20:46,158 --> 00:20:50,037 He'd trained as an architect and was the obvious candidate for the job. 211 00:20:50,118 --> 00:20:51,267 But guess who got it? 212 00:20:51,358 --> 00:20:54,555 Mr Charming, Gian Lorenzo Bernini. 213 00:20:55,358 --> 00:20:59,271 ''What, the biggest job in Rome? And he gives it to him, and not me, 214 00:20:59,358 --> 00:21:01,110 just because he's the Pope's best friend?" 215 00:21:01,198 --> 00:21:04,315 ''I mean, the man knows damn all about buildings.'' 216 00:21:04,958 --> 00:21:07,347 Borromini must have been furious. 217 00:21:12,638 --> 00:21:17,268 Of course, the engineering problems of forging the great canopy, 218 00:21:17,358 --> 00:21:20,475 raising this twisty gilt-bronze monster, 219 00:21:20,558 --> 00:21:23,709 were a serious stretch for Bernini's competence. 220 00:21:25,318 --> 00:21:27,627 So, wisely, he gets help. 221 00:21:30,198 --> 00:21:33,873 He turns to Borromini, who had no choice but to help. 222 00:21:34,358 --> 00:21:37,794 It was for the greater good of the Church, after all. 223 00:21:39,078 --> 00:21:43,037 Architecture has always been a collaborative exercise, 224 00:21:43,798 --> 00:21:48,553 so it's not surprising to find that virtually all the drawings for the baldachino 225 00:21:48,638 --> 00:21:50,594 are by Borromini. 226 00:21:52,798 --> 00:21:56,074 Does he get the credit he deserves? Does he hell. 227 00:21:56,158 --> 00:22:00,674 And that, Francesco Borromini neither forgives nor forgets. 228 00:22:04,438 --> 00:22:06,394 It's an unappealing trait, 229 00:22:06,478 --> 00:22:09,993 this ungenerous instinct for monopolising the glory. 230 00:22:10,678 --> 00:22:13,272 And it will come back to bite Bernini. 231 00:22:14,438 --> 00:22:16,793 It's not just Borromini who feels it. 232 00:22:17,958 --> 00:22:21,712 The assistant who did that fine leaf-work on Daphne's leaves 233 00:22:22,478 --> 00:22:24,992 was so angry at not getting his due 234 00:22:25,078 --> 00:22:28,036 that he walked out of the project in a rage. 235 00:22:34,118 --> 00:22:36,234 But then the Cavaliere Bernini 236 00:22:36,318 --> 00:22:40,027 always did have a cavalier way with his assistants. 237 00:22:42,998 --> 00:22:45,114 His own mother complained. 238 00:22:45,758 --> 00:22:47,749 So he took what he needed. 239 00:22:47,838 --> 00:22:51,148 Technical expertise, grinding toil 240 00:22:51,238 --> 00:22:53,547 and, in the case of one of his assistants, 241 00:22:53,638 --> 00:22:56,550 Matteo Buonarelli, his wife. 242 00:23:03,238 --> 00:23:06,947 Her name is Costanza. Constance. 243 00:23:07,798 --> 00:23:11,074 Did she and Bernini have a laugh in bed about that? 244 00:23:13,638 --> 00:23:17,870 Here she is, in 1637, at the height of their affair. 245 00:23:22,358 --> 00:23:25,111 You can see he can't get enough of her. 246 00:23:28,318 --> 00:23:32,709 And from the intensity of all this brimming desire 247 00:23:32,798 --> 00:23:35,995 comes an entirely new kind of European sculpture. 248 00:23:40,478 --> 00:23:44,710 Before Costanza, busts had been entirely respectable, 249 00:23:44,798 --> 00:23:47,790 and they were usually reserved for tombs. 250 00:23:48,918 --> 00:23:51,307 Only the Romans, a long time before, 251 00:23:51,398 --> 00:23:54,356 had used sculpture for informal portraits. 252 00:23:59,638 --> 00:24:03,153 But informal doesn't quite do it for Costanza, does it? 253 00:24:03,238 --> 00:24:04,751 How about intimate? 254 00:24:04,838 --> 00:24:09,832 For this is a portrait of a woman whose passion is written on her face and her body. 255 00:24:09,918 --> 00:24:13,627 Whose flaring temper just adds fuel to her lover's fire. 256 00:24:21,598 --> 00:24:24,670 This is what we mean by lovingly carved. 257 00:24:29,678 --> 00:24:34,798 It's as though Bernini was reliving his caresses with his chisel. 258 00:24:35,198 --> 00:24:37,154 The falling away of the blouse, 259 00:24:37,238 --> 00:24:40,435 perhaps the single, sexiest invitation 260 00:24:40,518 --> 00:24:42,748 in all European sculpture. 261 00:24:48,118 --> 00:24:50,871 There's something else unique about this sculpture. 262 00:24:50,958 --> 00:24:53,426 It's the celebration of a spitfire. 263 00:24:54,118 --> 00:24:58,236 Costanza Buonarelli may have been the wife of a lowly assistant sculptor, 264 00:24:58,318 --> 00:25:01,993 but she came from a proud, old family, the Piccolomini. 265 00:25:07,758 --> 00:25:10,113 So her jaw is firm, 266 00:25:10,198 --> 00:25:13,634 the rosebud mouth is in the act of speaking, 267 00:25:13,718 --> 00:25:15,549 and not deferentially. 268 00:25:18,558 --> 00:25:21,868 Everything that was supposed to define womanhood, 269 00:25:21,958 --> 00:25:24,233 demure, chaste serenity, 270 00:25:24,318 --> 00:25:26,434 is junked for Costanza. 271 00:25:26,518 --> 00:25:28,668 She's a wild thing, 272 00:25:28,758 --> 00:25:31,670 and the sculptor is hooked on her temper. 273 00:25:40,318 --> 00:25:44,516 But it's not Costanza's temper that would end up undoing Bernini. 274 00:25:44,598 --> 00:25:46,111 It was his own. 275 00:25:46,198 --> 00:25:51,431 Despite all the genteel charm, Bernini was known to have a low boiling point. 276 00:25:52,238 --> 00:25:54,957 Underneath all those social graces 277 00:25:55,038 --> 00:25:59,077 was the bloodthirsty temper of a Neapolitan gangster. 278 00:26:01,998 --> 00:26:06,355 And in one unbelievably shocking episode, he lets it rip. 279 00:26:10,118 --> 00:26:12,109 It started with a rumour. 280 00:26:13,078 --> 00:26:16,991 Costanza, it's whispered, was not so constant after all. 281 00:26:18,038 --> 00:26:20,552 Seems she has a thing about the Bernini boys, 282 00:26:20,638 --> 00:26:24,392 since she's sleeping not just with Gian Lorenzo, 283 00:26:24,478 --> 00:26:27,311 but with his younger brother, Luigi. 284 00:26:38,878 --> 00:26:40,709 Oh, it's hard to believe, I know, 285 00:26:40,798 --> 00:26:46,031 that anyone would want to get their hands on anyone except Mr Fabulous himself. 286 00:26:46,958 --> 00:26:49,631 But could the rumours be true? 287 00:26:54,718 --> 00:26:56,913 The trap is set that evening. 288 00:26:57,838 --> 00:27:02,787 Gian Lorenzo says breezily how he has to go off to the country the next day, 289 00:27:02,878 --> 00:27:04,789 so he won't be in town. 290 00:27:05,678 --> 00:27:08,636 But he doesn't go into the country, does he? 291 00:27:08,718 --> 00:27:13,314 Instead, early next morning, he goes to Costanza's house 292 00:27:13,398 --> 00:27:14,717 and waits. 293 00:27:22,678 --> 00:27:25,988 Luigi emerges. So does Costanza. 294 00:27:27,158 --> 00:27:30,673 That swelling breast Bernini had lovingly carved 295 00:27:30,758 --> 00:27:34,797 flattened against Luigi's chest in a passionate embrace. 296 00:27:41,278 --> 00:27:43,314 There's a chase through the streets, 297 00:27:44,798 --> 00:27:48,996 across the piazzas, over the bridges, right into Saint Peter's itself. 298 00:27:52,638 --> 00:27:58,668 Where its official architect does his best to murder his own brother. 299 00:28:02,718 --> 00:28:07,348 Gian Lorenzo grabs an iron bar and smashes it against Luigi's body, 300 00:28:07,878 --> 00:28:09,550 breaking two ribs. 301 00:28:20,758 --> 00:28:23,226 He's famous as a miracle worker. 302 00:28:23,838 --> 00:28:28,150 This time the miracle is that he hasn't killed his own brother. 303 00:28:31,838 --> 00:28:36,434 It takes a message from their mother to the papal cops to separate them. 304 00:28:44,598 --> 00:28:46,793 And that's not the end of it. 305 00:28:47,118 --> 00:28:52,112 That afternoon, Gian Lorenzo sends a servant to Costanza's house. 306 00:28:53,478 --> 00:28:59,235 He doesn't cut her throat. Instead, he slashes her perfect face to ribbons. 307 00:29:03,998 --> 00:29:09,994 So the man who has cut stone to create beauty has cut flesh to destroy it. 308 00:29:19,038 --> 00:29:21,996 And what do you suppose is Bernini's punishment 309 00:29:22,078 --> 00:29:25,468 for grievous bodily harm and attempted murder? 310 00:29:25,558 --> 00:29:30,951 Oh, a really stiff sentence, a 3,000 scudi fine. 311 00:29:31,038 --> 00:29:34,075 Except that his pal, the Pope, waives it. 312 00:29:34,158 --> 00:29:37,912 ''Naughty, naughty,'' says the Pope, ''This mustn't happen again. 313 00:29:37,998 --> 00:29:41,308 ''So I sentence you to be married." 314 00:29:41,398 --> 00:29:45,835 ''And, by the way, she just happens to be the most beautiful girl in Rome." 315 00:29:45,918 --> 00:29:50,230 ''That should keep you out of mischief.'' Papal wink, papal nudge. 316 00:29:55,238 --> 00:30:00,915 So Bernini is married off to Caterina Tezio, daughter of a Roman lawyer. 317 00:30:03,038 --> 00:30:07,111 For his part in the fight, brother Luigi is banished to Bologna. 318 00:30:07,918 --> 00:30:13,038 Everyone else goes to jail. The servant who did the razor job 319 00:30:13,638 --> 00:30:18,314 and, insult added to injury, Costanza herself, 320 00:30:18,838 --> 00:30:22,069 convicted of fornication and adultery. 321 00:30:25,678 --> 00:30:27,669 And what happened to the bust? 322 00:30:27,758 --> 00:30:31,717 Well, Bernini's new wife wouldn't have it in the house. 323 00:30:31,798 --> 00:30:36,474 Which is just as well, since Gian Lorenzo couldn't bear to look at it, either. 324 00:30:38,598 --> 00:30:41,192 He might, I suppose, have smashed it. 325 00:30:42,758 --> 00:30:46,751 But luckily, a Medici buyer from Florence snapped it up. 326 00:30:50,518 --> 00:30:55,148 Which is why we're looking at it here in the Bargello Museum in Florence. 327 00:30:55,638 --> 00:31:00,234 The Costanza that once was, and, for us, always will be. 328 00:31:14,598 --> 00:31:18,034 And you're thinking, ''I don't care how good his sculpture is. 329 00:31:18,118 --> 00:31:20,632 ''I don't care how important his art is." 330 00:31:20,718 --> 00:31:23,471 ''What an absolute bastard!" 331 00:31:23,558 --> 00:31:27,187 ''Please tell me he doesn't get off scot-free.'' 332 00:31:31,638 --> 00:31:37,588 Well, strangely enough, it's exactly from this moment of the crime against Costanza 333 00:31:37,678 --> 00:31:43,469 that things go swiftly downhill for the Cavaliere Untouchable. 334 00:31:49,798 --> 00:31:53,632 And it all went wrong in the place that mattered most for Bernini. 335 00:31:55,118 --> 00:31:59,111 The place that made or broke artists and architects. 336 00:32:01,238 --> 00:32:03,468 The Cathedral of Saint Peter's. 337 00:32:12,598 --> 00:32:15,351 This is the facade of Saint Peter's we all know, 338 00:32:15,438 --> 00:32:18,748 but the aggressively confident 17th century popes 339 00:32:18,838 --> 00:32:20,510 didn't want to stop with this. 340 00:32:23,518 --> 00:32:29,036 They wanted two great bell towers at each corner, above where we now see the clocks. 341 00:32:30,598 --> 00:32:35,956 It was those bells, after all, that would summon the faithful for papal blessings 342 00:32:36,998 --> 00:32:39,466 and make the Christian dream real. 343 00:32:42,998 --> 00:32:47,037 But in the middle, of course, was Michelangelo's great dome. 344 00:32:48,518 --> 00:32:52,989 So the first designs for the towers made them respectfully low. 345 00:32:54,078 --> 00:32:57,036 Safe, squat, one-storey affairs. 346 00:33:00,558 --> 00:33:05,393 The along comes Bernini, constitutionally incapable of deference. 347 00:33:07,398 --> 00:33:11,232 ''My towers are going to be taller than your dome'', he says. 348 00:33:11,798 --> 00:33:13,595 Three storeys tall, in fact. 349 00:33:14,798 --> 00:33:18,677 Almost 70 metres above the original pedestals, 350 00:33:19,038 --> 00:33:22,235 six times heavier than the original towers. 351 00:33:25,318 --> 00:33:30,995 Problem was, though, Bernini's towers were about to be built on swampy ground. 352 00:33:37,478 --> 00:33:41,517 It's not that Bernini didn't know about this before he got started. 353 00:33:41,598 --> 00:33:46,274 It's just that he's surrounded by yes men who tell him what he wants to hear. 354 00:33:49,278 --> 00:33:53,317 That building tall towers on dodgy ground is no real problem. 355 00:33:54,838 --> 00:33:58,308 What he needs are brutally honest advisors 356 00:33:58,398 --> 00:34:01,913 who aren't afraid of spelling out the risks he's taking. 357 00:34:05,078 --> 00:34:09,230 There was one person who knew that building a tall, heavy tower 358 00:34:09,318 --> 00:34:13,277 on unstable foundations was asking for trouble. 359 00:34:13,718 --> 00:34:15,788 That person was Borromini. 360 00:34:20,398 --> 00:34:25,347 But it seemed to be beneath Bernini's dignity to ask his rival for advice. 361 00:34:26,678 --> 00:34:30,193 So, without the benefit of Borromini's criticism, 362 00:34:30,278 --> 00:34:33,873 Bernini sails straight into disaster. 363 00:34:38,998 --> 00:34:43,947 In July, 1641, Bernini unveiled his first tower to the public. 364 00:34:48,398 --> 00:34:52,186 Two months later, cracks start to appear. 365 00:34:59,558 --> 00:35:02,914 Bernini takes to his bed. Won't eat. 366 00:35:02,998 --> 00:35:05,990 Gets so ill, he's reported near death. 367 00:35:09,878 --> 00:35:12,108 It gets worse. 368 00:35:12,198 --> 00:35:15,508 The cracks aren't just in the foundation of the bell tower. 369 00:35:15,998 --> 00:35:19,752 They've spread to the facade of the main church itself. 370 00:35:48,438 --> 00:35:52,431 Then, in 1644, disaster. 371 00:35:52,518 --> 00:35:54,827 Pope Urban VIII, Bernini's friend 372 00:35:54,918 --> 00:35:58,149 and the staunchest supporter of the bell tower, dies. 373 00:36:04,038 --> 00:36:06,506 There's a new pope, Innocent X, 374 00:36:06,598 --> 00:36:12,389 and he sees it as his job to get rid of all the old favourites, like Bernini. 375 00:36:12,478 --> 00:36:17,268 After all, he has a new favourite, Francesco Borromini. 376 00:36:21,998 --> 00:36:25,308 So, after 15 years in Bernini's shadow, 377 00:36:26,238 --> 00:36:30,277 Borromini's moment for revenge has at last arrived. 378 00:36:33,118 --> 00:36:36,190 An inquiry is set up to deal with Bernini's towers. 379 00:36:38,518 --> 00:36:41,271 Borromini submits detailed evidence, 380 00:36:42,398 --> 00:36:46,949 a lovingly-rendered drawing of Bernini's disaster. 381 00:37:01,278 --> 00:37:04,395 ''Well, what do you expect?'' says Borromini. 382 00:37:04,478 --> 00:37:08,107 ''The tower's too tall. It's too heavy for its base supports." 383 00:37:08,198 --> 00:37:12,350 ''It's too unwieldy. It's built recklessly on swampy ground." 384 00:37:12,918 --> 00:37:16,308 ''It's amazing, actually, it hasn't collapsed already." 385 00:37:16,398 --> 00:37:19,754 ''It's all very well going digging beneath the tower after the event 386 00:37:19,838 --> 00:37:22,910 to see how serious the damage is." 387 00:37:22,998 --> 00:37:26,468 ''If he'd have asked me, since I know a bit about building, 388 00:37:26,558 --> 00:37:29,436 I would've told him. But he didn't.'' 389 00:37:35,158 --> 00:37:40,676 On the 23rd of February, 1646, a meeting was held at the Vatican 390 00:37:40,758 --> 00:37:43,716 to discuss the fate of Bernini's south tower. 391 00:37:44,638 --> 00:37:47,596 But the Pope had already made his decision. 392 00:37:49,318 --> 00:37:50,717 Demolish it. 393 00:37:56,198 --> 00:37:59,190 The demolition takes 11 months. 394 00:37:59,278 --> 00:38:04,147 If Bernini had been anywhere near Saint Peter's, he would've seen it and heard it. 395 00:38:04,638 --> 00:38:08,313 The winches, the pulleys, the columns stacked on the roof. 396 00:38:09,358 --> 00:38:14,637 Down came the bell tower, and down with it came Gian Lorenzo Bernini 397 00:38:14,718 --> 00:38:19,872 from the height of fame and reputation to something like a laughing stock. 398 00:38:29,798 --> 00:38:31,914 It's 1648. 399 00:38:31,998 --> 00:38:35,957 Bernini is 50, old by the standards of the time. 400 00:38:37,878 --> 00:38:41,029 So how did he survive the humiliation? 401 00:38:42,718 --> 00:38:47,314 One visiting English student has him collapsing into despair. 402 00:38:49,078 --> 00:38:51,717 Others have him buckling down to work. 403 00:38:52,598 --> 00:38:54,429 He still does get commissions, 404 00:38:54,518 --> 00:38:58,272 but not from the biggest hitters in Rome, not any more. 405 00:38:59,038 --> 00:39:02,508 It would take a miracle now for him to redeem himself. 406 00:39:05,278 --> 00:39:08,588 And then that miracle arrived. 407 00:39:26,158 --> 00:39:29,116 A moment of mind-boggling drama. 408 00:39:31,238 --> 00:39:36,312 A moment that wavers between mystery and indecency. 409 00:39:39,278 --> 00:39:41,917 The body of a saint penetrated. 410 00:39:56,078 --> 00:40:01,232 The arrow withdrawn from its passage, poised to strike again. 411 00:40:02,078 --> 00:40:04,990 Her pain indistinguishable from pleasure. 412 00:40:06,518 --> 00:40:11,114 The gasping woman levitating, defying gravity 413 00:40:11,198 --> 00:40:13,792 on rippling cushions of stone. 414 00:40:19,998 --> 00:40:24,867 So, who was it then that gave Bernini the chance to portray a saint 415 00:40:24,958 --> 00:40:28,348 in a way no one else had ever dared? 416 00:40:33,958 --> 00:40:39,828 You can't imagine a more respectable patron than Cardinal Federico Cornaro, 417 00:40:39,918 --> 00:40:44,867 who came from an old aristocratic clan that wanted to build a family chapel 418 00:40:44,958 --> 00:40:47,916 in the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. 419 00:40:49,278 --> 00:40:53,317 He would have known about Saint Teresa of Ávila. Everyone did. 420 00:40:58,838 --> 00:41:02,672 She died in her native Spain in 1582. 421 00:41:03,958 --> 00:41:09,988 But there was something, many things, actually, which made Teresa an awkward fit for sainthood. 422 00:41:11,278 --> 00:41:13,746 Not least her levitations. 423 00:41:19,478 --> 00:41:22,470 A rapture came over me so suddenly, 424 00:41:23,038 --> 00:41:25,711 it almost lifted me out of myself. 425 00:41:29,118 --> 00:41:30,870 I heard these words, 426 00:41:32,518 --> 00:41:37,672 ''Now, I want you to speak not with men, but with angels. '' 427 00:41:47,798 --> 00:41:50,790 It's not surprising, then, that of all the modern saints, 428 00:41:50,878 --> 00:41:54,712 it was Teresa who still had no chapel devoted to her. 429 00:41:55,158 --> 00:41:59,754 The Cornaro dynasty, who were patrons of her austere order of nuns, 430 00:41:59,838 --> 00:42:01,749 the Barefoot Carmelites, 431 00:42:01,838 --> 00:42:06,753 jumped in and presented Bernini with the biggest challenge of his career, 432 00:42:06,838 --> 00:42:10,433 but also the chance for a spectacular comeback. 433 00:42:11,238 --> 00:42:14,753 It was the most daring drama of the body that he, 434 00:42:14,838 --> 00:42:17,796 or any other sculptor in the history of art, 435 00:42:17,878 --> 00:42:21,234 had ever conceived, much less executed. 436 00:42:34,278 --> 00:42:37,907 Bernini would certainly have known about Saint Teresa. 437 00:42:37,998 --> 00:42:41,832 Her autobiography was a bestseller in Catholic Rome. 438 00:42:43,438 --> 00:42:49,308 Like everyone else, he would've been startled by the earthy directness of her story. 439 00:42:49,998 --> 00:42:54,150 But above all, he would have been electrified by those moments 440 00:42:54,238 --> 00:42:58,356 in which Teresa, in the most graphic words imaginable, 441 00:42:58,438 --> 00:43:00,952 describes what happens to her. 442 00:43:06,478 --> 00:43:10,596 Very close to me, an angel appeared in human form. 443 00:43:12,878 --> 00:43:16,712 In his hands I saw a large golden spear. 444 00:43:17,758 --> 00:43:21,990 And at its iron tip, there seemed to be a point of fire. 445 00:43:26,678 --> 00:43:31,513 I felt as if he plunged this into my heart several times, 446 00:43:32,318 --> 00:43:36,596 so that it penetrated all the way to my entrails. 447 00:43:39,918 --> 00:43:43,706 When he drew it out, he seemed to draw them out with it, 448 00:43:44,478 --> 00:43:48,915 and it left me totally inflamed with a great love for God. 449 00:43:56,638 --> 00:44:01,314 The pain was so severe that it made me moan several times. 450 00:44:14,958 --> 00:44:18,189 Now, if there was one thing that Bernini was not, 451 00:44:18,278 --> 00:44:19,677 it was crude. 452 00:44:19,758 --> 00:44:24,229 He understood perfectly well that when Teresa wrote of her raptures, 453 00:44:24,318 --> 00:44:29,233 she meant the longing of her soul for a consummated union with God. 454 00:44:29,878 --> 00:44:32,108 It was the way she wrote about it 455 00:44:32,198 --> 00:44:36,669 that made it seem as if her soul and her body were the same thing. 456 00:44:42,798 --> 00:44:49,067 All of Bernini's greatest body dramas had featured figures twisting in ascent. 457 00:44:49,878 --> 00:44:52,597 Proserpina's flight from Pluto. 458 00:44:52,678 --> 00:44:56,876 Daphne rising to the sky as if to escape stony doom. 459 00:44:59,958 --> 00:45:03,155 Now it was time for him to make Teresa levitate. 460 00:45:04,118 --> 00:45:09,829 This time, not in escape from penetration, but in craving for it. 461 00:45:16,838 --> 00:45:20,274 It was time to forget about euphemisms. 462 00:45:20,798 --> 00:45:22,470 The only way that Bernini 463 00:45:22,558 --> 00:45:26,346 could possibly communicate the flood of her sensation 464 00:45:26,438 --> 00:45:30,829 was to make visible what he knew of bodily ecstasy. 465 00:45:31,798 --> 00:45:35,996 The face of a woman at the height of sexual euphoria. 466 00:45:38,078 --> 00:45:42,913 It's as if he's turning his own intimate knowledge of carnal sin 467 00:45:42,998 --> 00:45:45,034 into carnal blessing. 468 00:45:46,838 --> 00:45:52,788 So, of course, this isn't the real Teresa, middle-aged nun, rising up her cell wall 469 00:45:52,878 --> 00:45:55,312 with sisters hanging on to her habit. 470 00:45:56,318 --> 00:45:59,754 No, this woman is unforgettably beautiful. 471 00:46:01,678 --> 00:46:05,273 A match for the exquisite seraph angel lover. 472 00:46:07,518 --> 00:46:09,554 They are, in their way, a couple. 473 00:46:10,478 --> 00:46:14,790 Smiley face is pointing his arrow not at her breast at all, 474 00:46:14,878 --> 00:46:17,312 but rather lower down the torso. 475 00:46:26,118 --> 00:46:29,349 But how to make visible both their union 476 00:46:29,438 --> 00:46:33,397 and the tide of engulfing feeling washing through Teresa? 477 00:46:33,918 --> 00:46:38,514 And here Bernini has the crucial insight of the whole piece. 478 00:46:41,118 --> 00:46:44,269 He turns her body inside out, 479 00:46:45,078 --> 00:46:49,833 so that her covering, her habit, the symbol of chastity and containment, 480 00:46:50,478 --> 00:46:55,108 becomes a representation of what's going on inside her. 481 00:47:00,558 --> 00:47:06,474 It's the accomplice of her helpless dissolution into a liquid bliss. 482 00:47:16,318 --> 00:47:19,594 It is, in fact, the climax itself. 483 00:47:20,598 --> 00:47:25,388 A storm surge of churning sensation, cresting and falling 484 00:47:25,478 --> 00:47:27,867 as if the marble had been molten. 485 00:47:30,118 --> 00:47:34,191 And these billows pour themselves from the smiling angel 486 00:47:34,278 --> 00:47:37,429 directly into Teresa's robe, 487 00:47:37,518 --> 00:47:41,193 where they join an ocean of heaving waves 488 00:47:41,278 --> 00:47:44,315 that folds into hollows and crevices, 489 00:47:44,398 --> 00:47:47,390 like surf breaking on a shore. 490 00:47:57,638 --> 00:48:00,516 There's nothing furtive about any of this. 491 00:48:00,598 --> 00:48:03,556 Bernini wants us to look and look hard. 492 00:48:06,158 --> 00:48:10,276 So much, that he surrounds the performance with an audience, 493 00:48:10,838 --> 00:48:13,113 members of the Cornaro family. 494 00:48:14,358 --> 00:48:18,829 Some watching the show, some chatting about what it might mean. 495 00:48:23,398 --> 00:48:29,030 There's every kind of show lighting, fake sun beams, hidden lights at the back. 496 00:48:33,158 --> 00:48:38,994 And, as Teresa climbs to her heights, the earth really does move. 497 00:48:40,238 --> 00:48:42,194 Look down here. 498 00:48:42,278 --> 00:48:45,714 The ground is opening and out pop the dead. 499 00:48:49,998 --> 00:48:52,751 Everything is shaking and quaking, 500 00:48:54,478 --> 00:48:57,151 even the columns of the little chapel. 501 00:48:57,558 --> 00:49:01,790 And here, Bernini adds the coup de grâce to all those critics 502 00:49:01,878 --> 00:49:04,950 who said he couldn't do architecture. 503 00:49:05,038 --> 00:49:11,068 Not least Borromini, who specialised in weird, counter-intuitive bulges and curves. 504 00:49:13,598 --> 00:49:18,626 ''Right,'' said Bernini, ''I'll build you a temple that not just curves and bulges, 505 00:49:18,718 --> 00:49:21,186 ''but actually explodes through its columns 506 00:49:21,278 --> 00:49:26,033 ''from the sheer uncontainable force of the drama going on inside.'' 507 00:49:32,758 --> 00:49:37,707 The most ambitious thing he'd ever attempted, the bell tower of Saint Peter's, 508 00:49:37,878 --> 00:49:42,315 had come crashing down in ignominious failure. 509 00:49:45,598 --> 00:49:50,388 Now, it was time for Teresa to rise up, and carry with her 510 00:49:50,478 --> 00:49:55,996 the resurrected reputation of the disgraced Cavaliere Bernini. 511 00:50:02,558 --> 00:50:04,992 And you feel him, when he's done, 512 00:50:05,078 --> 00:50:09,788 standing back and saying, ''Right, top that''. 513 00:50:11,278 --> 00:50:12,996 No one ever could. 514 00:50:26,398 --> 00:50:28,787 The Cornaro loved their chapel. 515 00:50:29,358 --> 00:50:34,034 12,000 scudi, no problem, worth every scudo. 516 00:50:34,638 --> 00:50:37,277 Word got round. The dazzler was back. 517 00:50:37,918 --> 00:50:42,992 Even the sour, old Pope Innocent X began to sweeten on Bernini, 518 00:50:43,078 --> 00:50:47,435 as Borromini skulked unhappily through the Vatican corridors. 519 00:50:58,798 --> 00:51:02,916 It's not that Borromini never gets commissions from the Pope again, 520 00:51:02,998 --> 00:51:06,308 it's just that it was Bernini who triumphed. 521 00:51:09,678 --> 00:51:14,354 So wherever you go in Rome now, you're really in the Cavaliere's city. 522 00:51:16,798 --> 00:51:19,995 As you approach Saint Peter's over the Ponte Sant'Angelo, 523 00:51:20,758 --> 00:51:23,591 you're in the company of Bernini's angels. 524 00:51:31,278 --> 00:51:35,237 And even though he was denied his bell towers at Saint Peter's, 525 00:51:35,318 --> 00:51:37,354 he did something much better. 526 00:51:38,758 --> 00:51:43,309 The colonnades which lead us towards the great church, 527 00:51:43,398 --> 00:51:47,596 its arms gathering believers to the bosom of the faith. 528 00:51:54,798 --> 00:51:58,108 Inside the church, past the baldachino, 529 00:51:58,198 --> 00:52:01,315 you're drawn towards Bernini's great light. 530 00:52:02,438 --> 00:52:05,350 The Holy Spirit at the seat of Saint Peter. 531 00:52:10,998 --> 00:52:14,752 Popes came and went, but Bernini endured. 532 00:52:16,158 --> 00:52:20,913 He gave up sinning, became a model Christian, fathered 11 children. 533 00:52:21,518 --> 00:52:23,554 Never strayed again, they said. 534 00:52:26,918 --> 00:52:29,591 And we're told that when he was troubled, 535 00:52:29,678 --> 00:52:33,387 he'd be found at the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, 536 00:52:34,118 --> 00:52:37,030 praying before his shrine to Saint Teresa. 537 00:52:40,798 --> 00:52:43,392 And what of the others in this story? 538 00:52:44,798 --> 00:52:49,474 Costanza with the cut-up face eventually got out of jail 539 00:52:49,558 --> 00:52:52,516 with the help of her long-suffering husband. 540 00:52:57,798 --> 00:53:01,268 Borromini went on to become the great master builder 541 00:53:01,358 --> 00:53:04,668 of ever more eccentric and brilliant churches. 542 00:53:05,758 --> 00:53:09,751 But in the end, he never really felt he got true recognition 543 00:53:09,838 --> 00:53:12,671 and he never got over Bernini's comeback. 544 00:53:14,318 --> 00:53:19,551 Eaten up by jealousy and disappointment, he ended up by committing suicide. 545 00:53:25,078 --> 00:53:27,114 And what of brother Luigi? 546 00:53:27,198 --> 00:53:30,349 Well, he returned to Rome after his exile 547 00:53:30,438 --> 00:53:34,590 and, deep into his 60s, he was at it again. 548 00:53:34,678 --> 00:53:38,830 This time caught in flagrante delicto in, guess where? 549 00:53:38,918 --> 00:53:42,388 The precincts of the holy church of Saint Peter's. 550 00:53:43,158 --> 00:53:45,592 Where, according to court records, 551 00:53:45,678 --> 00:53:49,432 he was arrested for acts of violent sodomy. 552 00:53:54,958 --> 00:53:59,748 To clear the family name and secure a papal pardon for his brother, 553 00:53:59,838 --> 00:54:02,352 Bernini created this, 554 00:54:04,118 --> 00:54:06,837 the Blessed Ludovica Albertoni. 555 00:54:13,878 --> 00:54:17,871 For me, though, none of those grandstanding jobs in Rome 556 00:54:17,958 --> 00:54:21,667 come close to the one work he called, 557 00:54:21,758 --> 00:54:24,955 ''The least bad thing I ever did. '' 558 00:54:28,598 --> 00:54:33,547 Why? Because he's managed to make visible, tangible, actually, 559 00:54:34,238 --> 00:54:38,072 something we all, if we're honest, know we hunger for, 560 00:54:39,638 --> 00:54:42,630 but before which we're properly tongue-tied. 561 00:54:43,518 --> 00:54:47,591 Something which has produced more bad writing, 562 00:54:47,678 --> 00:54:52,798 more excruciating poems than anything else you can think of. 563 00:54:57,398 --> 00:55:00,674 No wonder, when art historians look at this, 564 00:55:00,758 --> 00:55:04,671 they tie themselves in knots to avoid saying the obvious. 565 00:55:05,718 --> 00:55:10,348 That we're looking at the most intense, convulsive drama of the body 566 00:55:10,438 --> 00:55:14,511 that any of us experience between birth and death. 567 00:55:17,318 --> 00:55:23,075 Which is not to say that what we're looking at is just a spasm of erotic chemistry. 568 00:55:24,118 --> 00:55:26,996 It's precisely because it isn't just that. 569 00:55:27,798 --> 00:55:31,347 Because it is somehow a fusion of physical craving 570 00:55:31,438 --> 00:55:36,592 and, choose your word, spiritual or emotional transcendence, 571 00:55:37,158 --> 00:55:40,036 that Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 572 00:55:40,118 --> 00:55:44,270 is a sculpture that possesses the beholder completely, 573 00:55:44,358 --> 00:55:46,872 the longer we stare. 574 00:55:55,638 --> 00:55:59,392 So, perhaps, when that 18th-century French connoisseur 575 00:55:59,478 --> 00:56:01,434 looked at Teresa and said, 576 00:56:01,518 --> 00:56:04,828 ''If that's divine love, I know it well', 577 00:56:04,918 --> 00:56:07,751 he wasn't making a sly joke at all, 578 00:56:07,838 --> 00:56:11,877 but doffing his hat to Bernini for using the power of art 579 00:56:11,998 --> 00:56:16,355 to make the most difficult, the most desirable thing in the world.; 580 00:56:17,238 --> 00:56:20,355 the visualisation of pure bliss.	Translation - Turkish 1 00:00:16,878 --> 00:00:19,312 Tamamen kendinden geçmiş durumda,evet. 2 00:00:22,598 --> 00:00:25,556 Ağzı açık, kafası arkaya yaslanmış. 3 00:00:26,518 --> 00:00:29,112 Ağırlaşmış göz kapakları yarı açık. 4 00:00:31,878 --> 00:00:36,030 Meleğinkine benzer bir el göğüslerini meydana çıkarıyor. 5 00:00:40,118 --> 00:00:41,756 Bakmak zorundasınız. 6 00:00:43,478 --> 00:00:45,673 Bakacağınız yeri bilemiyorsunuz. 7 00:00:57,358 --> 00:01:00,873 Bernini bu heykeli yarattıktan bir yüzyıl sonra, 8 00:01:00,958 --> 00:01:03,677 Roma'yı gezen Fransız bir sanatsever 9 00:01:03,758 --> 00:01:07,387 bu kiliseye geldi, esere dikkatlice baktı ve şöyle dedi: 10 00:01:07,478 --> 00:01:12,188 ''Pekala, eğer ilahi aşk buysa, onun hakkında herşeyi biliyorum. '' 11 00:01:15,558 --> 00:01:17,230 Peki nedir bu? 12 00:01:18,318 --> 00:01:21,196 Roma'nın en sofu heykeltraşının elinden çıkma 13 00:01:21,278 --> 00:01:23,712 erotik bir vecit hali olmadığı kesin. 14 00:01:29,398 --> 00:01:32,310 Papa'nın yakın bir dostu ve Katolik 15 00:01:32,398 --> 00:01:34,707 düzenin bir parçası olan hiç kimse, 16 00:01:34,798 --> 00:01:40,634 bir rahibeyi orgazmın eşiğinde görmemizi istemiş olamazdı herhalde, 17 00:01:41,878 --> 00:01:43,914 değil mi? 18 00:02:21,158 --> 00:02:27,347 Zevkin ruhsal bir tecrübe olmasının yanısıra fiziksel varlığı da yadsınamaz. 19 00:02:27,958 --> 00:02:31,792 Bu tutku vücutta, ruhta olduğu gibi işlemez. 20 00:02:34,678 --> 00:02:37,272 Bernini tutku ile ilgili herşeyi biliyordu. 21 00:02:37,998 --> 00:02:40,228 Onun sanatı tamamen bununla ilgiliydi. 22 00:02:42,438 --> 00:02:46,989 Heykeli biçimlendirecek olan bu fiziksel yoğunluktu. 23 00:02:50,478 --> 00:02:55,711 Bernini'ye kadar kimse mermeri bu denli canlı ve şehvetli kılamamıştı. 24 00:02:58,798 --> 00:03:04,953 Mermer onun hünerli ellerinde dalgalanacak, kıpırdanıp terleyecekti. 25 00:03:09,478 --> 00:03:11,867 Figürleri ağlayıp bağıracak, 26 00:03:11,958 --> 00:03:15,553 gövdeleri yoğun hislerin altında bükülüp 27 00:03:15,638 --> 00:03:18,675 kavisler çizecekti. 28 00:03:20,598 --> 00:03:25,831 O, tıpkı bir simyacı gibi, maddeyi başka bir maddeye dönüştürebiliyordu. 29 00:03:26,678 --> 00:03:31,229 Mermeri ağaçlara,yapraklara,saça 30 00:03:31,318 --> 00:03:33,957 ve elbetteki insan bedenine dönüştürecekti. 31 00:03:45,518 --> 00:03:50,353 Klasik heykelciliğin tüm amacı ölümlü insan bedenine 32 00:03:50,438 --> 00:03:54,954 ölümsüzlüğün kusursuzluğunu verebilmekti. 33 00:03:55,518 --> 00:03:59,431 Bu heykellerin birçoğu kutsal görünmekle birlikte cansızdı. 34 00:04:14,998 --> 00:04:17,353 Ama sonra Bernini geldi ve 35 00:04:17,438 --> 00:04:21,272 onun bükülen,hararetli kasırgası yanında 36 00:04:21,358 --> 00:04:24,828 Michelangelo'nun David'i bile durağan kaldı. 37 00:04:28,918 --> 00:04:34,436 Eğer heykeller yerçekimini nakletmek zorundaysa, Bernini buna kesinlikle karşı çıkardı. 38 00:04:34,518 --> 00:04:39,717 Figürleri kaidelerinden kurtulup boşluğa uçtu. 39 00:04:49,118 --> 00:04:51,074 Herkesin hatırlayacağı üzere, 40 00:04:51,438 --> 00:04:55,590 Gian Lorenzo Bernini önemli kişileri irkiltmişti. 41 00:05:00,918 --> 00:05:03,671 8 yaşında Papa'nın huzuruna getirtilen Bernini 42 00:05:03,758 --> 00:05:06,670 Aziz Paul'un yüzünün çarpıcı bir taslağını yaptı; öyle ki afallamış 43 00:05:06,758 --> 00:05:11,752 Papa küçük çocuğu bir sonraki Michelangelo olarak nitelendirdi. 44 00:05:16,638 --> 00:05:20,551 Babası Pietro Floransalı bir heykeltraştı. 45 00:05:20,638 --> 00:05:23,789 işin ustasından nadiren daha iyi ve genellikle daha kötüydü. 46 00:05:24,678 --> 00:05:28,034 Ancak oğluna gelince, iyi bir şey gördüğünde anlardı. 47 00:05:30,638 --> 00:05:34,677 ''Dikkatli olun Bay Bernini,'' dedi hayranlık içerisinde bir kardinal, 48 00:05:34,758 --> 00:05:37,067 ''çocuk ustasını geçecek.'' 49 00:05:42,238 --> 00:05:46,550 Küçük dehamız başlangıç merdivenlerini hızla tırmanmaya başladı. 50 00:05:52,638 --> 00:05:54,913 İşte size haylazca bir yetenek gösterisi. 51 00:05:55,718 --> 00:05:59,950 Masumiyet içerisinde sarılmış iki küçük melek. 52 00:06:01,118 --> 00:06:03,507 Bernini bu eseri gençlik yıllarında yapmıştı. 53 00:06:03,598 --> 00:06:07,955 Hayatı boyunca bunu evinin sahanlığında sergiledi. 54 00:06:09,998 --> 00:06:14,310 İşte bu da onun keçisi Amalthea ve Zeus'un bebekliği. 55 00:06:14,398 --> 00:06:18,676 Bir miktar klasik mitoloji 56 00:06:18,758 --> 00:06:21,750 kabarık tüylü anne keçiyle birlikte duran haylaz bir çocuk heykeline dönüştürülmüş. 57 00:06:24,478 --> 00:06:29,506 Bu küçük figürleri sıkıcı mitoloji konusu olmaktan çıkaran şey neydi peki? 58 00:06:30,358 --> 00:06:32,633 Hayatın o sıcak nefesine sahipler; 59 00:06:32,718 --> 00:06:36,711 , haylaz, rahibe okulu yaramazlığına sahipler. 60 00:06:46,838 --> 00:06:50,956 1605'te Bernini Roma'ya geldi. 61 00:06:53,758 --> 00:06:57,512 Tam da Caravaggio'nun vurucu sokak oyunlarının 62 00:06:57,598 --> 00:06:59,793 kiliseyi harekete geçirdiği, 63 00:07:07,958 --> 00:07:11,428 sürüyü kımıldatmanın yeni yollarını gösterdiği zamanlardı. 64 00:07:12,278 --> 00:07:14,348 Artık uzak ve soğuk azizler olmayacaktı. 65 00:07:14,758 --> 00:07:18,637 Yerine dünyevi zevklerin şok edici tiyatrosu sergilenecekti. 66 00:07:20,198 --> 00:07:22,917 Yürekten kurtuluşun zamanı. 67 00:07:26,438 --> 00:07:29,032 Peki, Caravaggio'yu nasıl alt edersin? 68 00:07:29,118 --> 00:07:32,952 Cevap: Edemezsin, sadece heykelcilikte edebilirsin. 69 00:07:41,678 --> 00:07:46,468 Bu, Hristiyan inançları yüzünden diri diri yakılan Aziz Lawrence. 70 00:07:47,558 --> 00:07:49,867 Bernini bunu yaptığında 16 yaşındaydı. 71 00:07:54,638 --> 00:07:58,870 Azizin çektiği büyük acıdan bir sahne yakalamaya çalıştı. 72 00:07:58,958 --> 00:08:04,828 Efsaneye göre, Aziz Lawrence onu infaz edenlere döndü ve ürpertici bir mizah anlayışıyla şöyle dedi: 73 00:08:04,918 --> 00:08:11,391 ''Bu taraf tamam çocuklar,ters çevirin beni.'' 74 00:08:12,718 --> 00:08:15,949 Aşçıların koruyucu meleği haline geldiği şüphe götürmez. 75 00:08:19,798 --> 00:08:22,631 Fakat burda ciddi olan birşeyler var. 76 00:08:22,718 --> 00:08:27,633 Lawrence'ın eli aleve dokundukça gizemli bir değişim meydana geliyordu. 77 00:08:30,638 --> 00:08:36,474 Tarihçiler yanan etin kokusunun hoş bir esansa dönüştüğünü söylediler. 78 00:08:37,758 --> 00:08:40,511 Acı ve tatlı biraraya geliyordu. 79 00:08:41,478 --> 00:08:43,912 Azap zevke dönüşüyordu. 80 00:08:46,598 --> 00:08:50,671 Yaklaşmakta olan çetin sınavın bir provasıydı belkide. 81 00:08:56,358 --> 00:09:00,431 Bernini ateşle oynamayı çok sever, kendini durduramazdı. 82 00:09:01,718 --> 00:09:03,868 İşte burada da kendisinin lanetlenmiş 83 00:09:04,398 --> 00:09:05,797 bir ruh olarak otoportresi. 84 00:09:07,878 --> 00:09:11,188 Bernini ifadeyi doğru yansıtabilmek için, aynanın karşısına geçti ve 85 00:09:11,358 --> 00:09:14,953 kolunu çıplak alevlerle yakarak çığlıklar attı. 86 00:09:17,518 --> 00:09:19,634 Sanatı için aşırıya kaçan ve ayrıca 87 00:09:19,718 --> 00:09:24,587 düşüncesizce şiddet eylemleri gerçekleştirebilecek kapasitede biriydi. 88 00:09:27,118 --> 00:09:29,188 Yinede, onun yarattığı bedenlerdeki canlılığı 89 00:09:29,278 --> 00:09:31,269 hiç kimse,Michelangelo bile 90 00:09:31,358 --> 00:09:33,394 bu kadar dikkat çekici yapmayı başaramadı. 91 00:09:48,398 --> 00:09:51,515 Roma'daki büyük isimlerden birisini arkasına almak sanatı açısından önemliydi. 92 00:09:51,598 --> 00:09:55,557 Kardinal Scipione Borghese, onu 93 00:09:55,638 --> 00:09:58,106 kendi kişisel işlerini görmesi için seçti. 94 00:09:58,198 --> 00:10:02,191 Pincian Tepesi'nin yükseklerindeki görkemli villasını yapmak gibi işler. 95 00:10:02,278 --> 00:10:04,917 Ki orası sanatın sergilenebileceği nadir güzellikte yerlerden biriydi. 96 00:10:04,998 --> 00:10:08,673 Diğer kardinaller kıskançlık içersinde dişlerini gıcırdatacaktı. 97 00:10:17,678 --> 00:10:21,466 Scipione Borghese yaşından da büyük olan birşeylere sahipti. 98 00:10:26,078 --> 00:10:31,277 Boğanınki gibi kalın boynu ve genişçe bir vücudun üstünde duran kafası. 99 00:10:34,478 --> 00:10:36,594 Şakacı Bernini,iliğinden tam olarak geçemeyen 100 00:10:36,678 --> 00:10:40,956 bir düğme yaparak bizlere saten kumaşın altında 101 00:10:41,038 --> 00:10:46,158 sıkışıp kalmış et yığının bir örneğini veriyor. 102 00:10:50,078 --> 00:10:54,435 Kilisenin kutsal adamı, herşeyin ötesinde, fiziksel bir varoluş sergiliyordu. 103 00:10:55,958 --> 00:10:58,916 Saygın birinden daha çok bir aşçıyı andırıyordu. 104 00:11:01,158 --> 00:11:04,787 Bernini'ye göre, onun istediği şey konuşan bir portresinin olmasıydı. 105 00:11:04,878 --> 00:11:07,711 Çünkü o, insanların karakterlerini konuşmalarından önce 106 00:11:07,798 --> 00:11:12,314 veya sonra ele verdiklerini düşünürdü. 107 00:11:16,878 --> 00:11:19,756 Böylece Bernini sihrini Scipione üzerinde uygulamaya koyuldu. 108 00:11:20,358 --> 00:11:23,794 Kardinalin şapkasının kenarından fırlayan bir tutam saç parçası, 109 00:11:24,518 --> 00:11:28,397 sincabı andıran yanaklar, dolgun, etli dudaklar. 110 00:11:29,438 --> 00:11:35,229 Scipione'nin burnunun ışığı alış yönü terin gösterilmek istenmesi ile alakalı. 111 00:11:35,998 --> 00:11:40,276 Sıcak bir şehirdeki şişman bir adamın doğal görünümü. 112 00:11:48,758 --> 00:11:54,196 Başkent Roma dünyevi tutkular ile çınlıyor. 113 00:11:54,278 --> 00:11:58,430 Kilise aristokratları için önem arz eden şey sadece para değil. 114 00:11:58,518 --> 00:12:00,190 Aynı zamanda sanat. 115 00:12:01,598 --> 00:12:05,910 Ressam, heykeltraş ve mimarlar kendilerini himaye altına alıcak büyük insanlar ararken, 116 00:12:05,998 --> 00:12:09,786 dönemin Avrupalı zengin Yahudi aileleri, Papalar ve kardinaller 117 00:12:09,878 --> 00:12:13,268 bir sonraki dahinin kim olacağına dair iddaalara girişiyorlardı. 118 00:12:23,878 --> 00:12:28,713 Bernini, onu başarıya götürecek herşeye sahipti. 119 00:12:28,798 --> 00:12:33,110 Akıllı, çekici, insanlarla iletişimi iyi olan, 120 00:12:33,198 --> 00:12:36,793 oldukça kültürlü, katı disiplinli, 121 00:12:36,878 --> 00:12:39,711 söz verdiği zaman bunu yerine getiren 122 00:12:39,798 --> 00:12:41,595 ve içki içmeyen biriydi. 123 00:12:46,998 --> 00:12:50,035 Başka bir deyişle, Caravaggio'nun tam tersi. 124 00:12:54,358 --> 00:12:56,155 Peki bunların hepsini nasıl biliyoruz? 125 00:12:56,238 --> 00:12:59,435 Birisi Bernini'nin her adımını takip etmiş. 126 00:13:00,198 --> 00:13:04,635 Önemsiz bir ressam, sanat eleştirmeni ve dedikoduyu seven biri olan Filippo Baldinucci. 127 00:13:05,318 --> 00:13:07,149 Kendisi pekte önemli olmayan fakat 128 00:13:07,238 --> 00:13:12,517 Bernini'yi tanıyan herkesten topladığı bilgilerle 129 00:13:12,598 --> 00:13:15,829 ilk biyografisini yazan birisi. 130 00:13:38,838 --> 00:13:40,874 Bu Apollo ve Daphne. 131 00:13:41,758 --> 00:13:44,272 Cinsel bir avın hikayesi. 132 00:13:46,478 --> 00:13:49,072 Apollo Daphne adlı periyi arzulamaktadır. 133 00:13:49,598 --> 00:13:52,032 Fakat o kesinlikle onu istemez. 134 00:13:53,838 --> 00:13:56,113 Apollo onun peşinden koşar ve tam 135 00:13:56,198 --> 00:13:58,348 yakalamak üzereyken Tanrılar 136 00:13:58,438 --> 00:14:02,909 Daphne'nin yakarışlarına kulak vererek onu bir defne ağacına çevirirler. 137 00:14:05,318 --> 00:14:07,673 Tüm aksiyonu içinde barındıran bir heykel. 138 00:14:09,878 --> 00:14:12,995 Apollo onu soluk soluğa bırakan koşusunu keserken 139 00:14:13,078 --> 00:14:16,991 pelerini ve saçı hala rüzgarda uçuşuyor. 140 00:14:18,558 --> 00:14:22,267 Köşeye kıstırılmış Daphne, bitki görünümü hariç olduğu yerde sabit 141 00:14:22,358 --> 00:14:27,113 kalmaktan ziyade ağzı açık, çığlıklar içerisinde 142 00:14:28,278 --> 00:14:31,475 havaya doğru yükseliyor gibi gözüküyor. 143 00:14:32,318 --> 00:14:37,631 Saçlar ve parmaklar başkalaşım geçirerek dallara dönüşüyorlar. 144 00:14:44,078 --> 00:14:47,548 Fakat bu dramın asıl can alıcı noktası, tamda Daphne 145 00:14:48,638 --> 00:14:51,550 koruyucu ağaç kabukları 146 00:14:51,638 --> 00:14:54,152 içerisinde kaybolurken 147 00:14:54,238 --> 00:14:57,753 bizlere sunulan ipeksi tenin çıplaklığı. 148 00:14:59,918 --> 00:15:03,115 Acılar içerisinde engellenilmeye çalışılan bir dönüşüm. 149 00:15:09,438 --> 00:15:10,632 Sadece ben değil, Fransız bir 150 00:15:10,718 --> 00:15:13,915 kardinal de bunu evinde tutamayacağını 151 00:15:13,998 --> 00:15:19,356 çünkü böylesine bir çıplaklığın onu gören herkesi etkisi altına alacağını söyledi. 152 00:15:19,438 --> 00:15:23,067 Bernini'nin bunu duyduğunda oldukça memnun kaldığı söylenir. 153 00:15:28,238 --> 00:15:32,072 20lerindeki Bernini büyük bir yıldızdı. 154 00:15:32,758 --> 00:15:36,797 Büyük ve güçlü birisi. 155 00:15:38,438 --> 00:15:41,635 Bir papa olan XV. Gregory'nin onu şövalye yapmasıyla 156 00:15:42,598 --> 00:15:46,113 Bernini artık Cavaliere olarak bilinmeye başladı. 157 00:15:47,758 --> 00:15:51,433 Bir sonraki papa, VIII. Urban, onu en yakın arkadaşı yaptı. 158 00:15:52,318 --> 00:15:56,914 Kardinal Barberini'nin papa Urban VIII. olmak üzereyken 159 00:15:56,998 --> 00:16:00,388 Bernini'yi dairesine çağırıp ona Roma'nın en 160 00:16:38,718 --> 00:16:41,949 üstün yetenekli kişisi olduğunu söylediğine dair bir hikaye vardır. 161 00:16:42,038 --> 00:16:45,826 Sanatların imparatoru, sadece heykelcilikte değil. 162 00:16:45,918 --> 00:16:50,275 O ayrıca bir ressam, yapı ustası ve oyun yazarıydı. 163 00:16:50,358 --> 00:16:54,146 Herşeye sahipti, onu çekici kılan bir esmerlik, 164 00:16:54,238 --> 00:16:57,150 para, itibar ve düşmanlar. 165 00:17:04,718 --> 00:17:07,278 Bu sakin,kuruntulu,içine kapanık,depresif 166 00:17:08,078 --> 00:17:11,912 birisi olan Francesco Borromini. 167 00:17:12,638 --> 00:17:16,187 Sosyal bir saygınlık yada benzeri hiçbirşeye sahip olmayan bir adam. 168 00:17:18,638 --> 00:17:20,151 Öyle yada böyle Borromini 169 00:17:20,238 --> 00:17:23,674 Bernini'nin hayatında önemli bir rol oynayacaktı. 170 00:17:24,718 --> 00:17:27,994 İkisi birbirlerinin tutkularına takılıp düşecek, 171 00:17:28,078 --> 00:17:31,468 karşısındakini daha büyük riskler alması 172 00:17:31,558 --> 00:17:33,276 kışkırtacaktı. 173 00:17:35,358 --> 00:17:37,872 Borromini harikulade bir mimardı. 174 00:17:39,558 --> 00:17:45,554 Hayal edilmesi güç olan yerlere doğru uzanan duvar ve balkonlar yapardı. 175 00:17:46,958 --> 00:17:49,597 Konuşup söyleyen capcanlı çatılar. 176 00:17:53,998 --> 00:17:56,910 İşte burada onun abartılı bakış açısının bir örneği. 177 00:17:56,998 --> 00:18:00,388 Kolonları olması gerektiğinden çok daha küçük ve arkada yaparak 178 00:18:00,478 --> 00:18:04,756 ortamın olduğundan çok daha fazla derin görünmesini sağlamış. 179 00:18:04,838 --> 00:18:06,829 Hepsi bir göz aldatmacası. 180 00:18:18,078 --> 00:18:22,708 Eğer Roma'yı Roma yapan şeyi, onun şatafatlı 181 00:18:22,798 --> 00:18:25,028 görünümünü yaratmak için iki adam sorumlu tutulsaydı 182 00:18:25,118 --> 00:18:28,633 bunlar Borromini ve Bernini olurdu. 183 00:18:34,558 --> 00:18:36,628 İkisi de birbirinden nefret ettiler. 184 00:18:41,798 --> 00:18:44,710 İlk başta herşey tek taraflı bir rekabetti. 185 00:18:44,798 --> 00:18:48,427 Borromini Bernini'nin popülaritesine ve 186 00:18:48,518 --> 00:18:50,713 ilgi merkezi oluşuna içerledi. 187 00:18:52,518 --> 00:18:54,827 Mozart ve Salieri gibiydiler. 188 00:18:54,918 --> 00:18:58,752 Fakat burada Salieri gibi daha sönük bir yetenek yoktu. 189 00:18:58,838 --> 00:19:00,669 İkisi de dahiydiler. 190 00:19:04,038 --> 00:19:08,907 Roma'daki birbirlerinden yaklaşık 200 metre aralıklı olan şu iki kiliseye bir göz atın. 191 00:19:08,998 --> 00:19:11,990 Biri Bernini diğeri Borromini'nin eseri. 192 00:19:14,278 --> 00:19:18,715 İşte Borromini'nin kilisesi, San Carlo delle Quattro Fontane. 193 00:19:19,918 --> 00:19:22,796 Bir satranç ustasının elinden çıkmış gibi, 194 00:19:24,158 --> 00:19:25,591 kusursuz ve yalın. 195 00:19:25,678 --> 00:19:29,114 Sadece tuğla ve alçı, renk veya heykellere yer verilmemiş. 196 00:19:30,038 --> 00:19:34,270 Sadece ileri geometrinin kullanıldığı insanın aklını başından alan dizaynlar. 197 00:19:35,438 --> 00:19:38,555 Şekil ve sayıların eşsiz sıralanışı. 198 00:19:43,638 --> 00:19:45,913 İşte bu da Bernini'nin kilisesi. 199 00:19:46,478 --> 00:19:50,312 Teatral bir ışıklandırmayla bezeli 200 00:19:50,398 --> 00:19:52,628 bir sahneymişçesine yığınla renk ile kaplı yüzeyler. 201 00:19:56,238 --> 00:19:58,627 Hepsi ''Bak bana!'' diyen bir curcuna gibi. 202 00:19:58,718 --> 00:20:02,074 Göz alıcı, içgüdüsel ve çekici,tıpkı kendisi gibi. 203 00:20:13,798 --> 00:20:19,668 Bernini ve Borromini arasındaki asıl rekabet 1624'te başladı. 204 00:20:20,198 --> 00:20:24,430 Aziz Peter meydanı için yeni bir mimar atanması gerektiğinde. 205 00:20:25,478 --> 00:20:27,753 Michalengelo'nun kocaman kubbesinin altındaki 206 00:20:28,398 --> 00:20:31,435 Aziz Peter'in mezarının üzerindeki devasa gölgelik ve 207 00:20:31,518 --> 00:20:35,272 saçağı inşa edebilecek birisi. 208 00:20:36,718 --> 00:20:38,948 Şehirdeki en güzel iş. 209 00:20:41,478 --> 00:20:45,551 Bu alanda Borromini Bernini'den çok daha fazla nitelikliydi. 210 00:20:46,158 --> 00:20:50,037 Bir mimar olarak yetiştirilmişti ve bu iş için biçilmiş kaftandı. 211 00:20:50,118 --> 00:20:51,267 Fakat tahmin edin işi kim aldı? 212 00:20:51,358 --> 00:20:54,555 Bay Cazibe, Gian Lorenzo Bernini. 213 00:20:55,358 --> 00:20:59,271 ''Ne,Roma'daki en güzel iş mi? ve o gidip bunu bana değil ona veriyor, 214 00:20:59,358 --> 00:21:01,110 sırf Papa'nın en iyi arkadaşı olduğu için." 215 00:21:01,198 --> 00:21:04,315 Demek istediğim, adam binalar hakkında herşeyi biliyordu. 216 00:21:04,958 --> 00:21:07,347 Borromini oldukça kızmış olmalıydı. 217 00:21:12,638 --> 00:21:17,268 Elbetteki, büyük bir saçağı inşa etmenin teknik zorlukları; 218 00:21:17,358 --> 00:21:20,475 altın bronz karışımından yapılmış dev bir canavarı yükseltebilmek, 219 00:21:20,558 --> 00:21:23,709 Bernini'nin yeteneğini zorlayacak türden şeylerdi. 220 00:21:25,318 --> 00:21:27,627 Akıllı davranarak yardım aldı. 221 00:21:30,198 --> 00:21:33,873 Yardım etmek dışında başka hiçbir seçeneği olmayan Borromini'ye döndü. 222 00:21:34,358 --> 00:21:37,794 Herşeyin ötesinde bu kilisenin iyiliği için yapılan birşeydi. 223 00:21:39,078 --> 00:21:43,037 Mimarlık herzaman işbirliği gerektiren bir zanaattı, 224 00:21:43,798 --> 00:21:48,553 yani gölgeliğin üzerindeki çizimlerin neredeyse tümünün Borromini tarafından yapılmış olması 225 00:21:48,638 --> 00:21:50,594 pekte şaşırtıcı değil. 226 00:21:52,798 --> 00:21:56,074 Hakettiği övgüyü mü aldı yoksa hiçbirşey mi? 227 00:21:56,158 --> 00:22:00,674 Frencesco Borromini ne affetti ne de unuttu. 228 00:22:04,438 --> 00:22:06,394 Bütün bunlar cömertlikten ziyade ileride zaferi elde edebilmek 229 00:22:06,478 --> 00:22:09,993 için oynadığı bir oyundan ibaretti. 230 00:22:10,678 --> 00:22:13,272 Tekrardan Bernini'nin canını acıtmak için gelecekti. 231 00:22:14,438 --> 00:22:16,793 Bunu hisseden sadece Borromini değildi. 232 00:22:17,958 --> 00:22:21,712 Daphne'nin yapraklarındaki ince işleri yapan asistan da 233 00:22:22,478 --> 00:22:24,992 hakettiğini alamadığı için öylesine öfkelendi ki 234 00:22:25,078 --> 00:22:28,036 işin ortasında bırakıp gitti. 235 00:22:34,118 --> 00:22:36,234 Şövalye Bernini'nin asistanlarına karşı 236 00:22:36,318 --> 00:22:40,027 her zaman saygısız bir tutumu vardı. 237 00:22:42,998 --> 00:22:45,114 Annesi de şikayetçiydi. 238 00:22:45,758 --> 00:22:47,749 İhtiyacı olduğu herşeyi aldı. 239 00:22:47,838 --> 00:22:51,148 Teknik bilgiler, sıkı çalışma alışkanlığı 240 00:22:51,238 --> 00:22:53,547 ve bir asistan işe alımı sırasında 241 00:22:53,638 --> 00:22:56,550 karısı Matteo Buonarelli'yi. 242 00:23:03,238 --> 00:23:06,947 İsmi Costanza'ydı ve ''Bağlılık'' demekti. 243 00:23:07,798 --> 00:23:11,074 Bernini ve o yatakta bunun için güldüler mi acaba? 244 00:23:13,638 --> 00:23:17,870 İşte bu o, 1637'te ilişkilerinin zirvesindeyken. 245 00:23:22,358 --> 00:23:25,111 Ona doyamadığını görebilirsiniz. 246 00:23:28,318 --> 00:23:32,709 Tüm bu taşan arzunun yoğunluğu Avrupa heykelciliğine 247 00:23:32,798 --> 00:23:35,995 tamamen yeni bir tür getirdi. 248 00:23:40,478 --> 00:23:44,710 Costanza'dan önce, büstler oldukça saygıdeğerdi ve 249 00:23:44,798 --> 00:23:47,790 genellikle mezarlar için saklanırlardı. 250 00:23:48,918 --> 00:23:51,307 Sadece Romalılar uzun zaman önce 251 00:23:51,398 --> 00:23:54,356 heykelciliği resmi olmayan portreler için kullanmışlardı. 252 00:23:59,638 --> 00:24:03,153 Fakat resmi olmaması onun yalnızca Costanza için yapıldığını mı gösterir? 253 00:24:03,238 --> 00:24:04,751 Peki ya ilişkinin rolü? 254 00:24:04,838 --> 00:24:09,832 Bu, tutkusu yüzünden ve vücudundan okunabilen bir kadının portresi. 255 00:24:09,918 --> 00:24:13,627 Göz kamaştırıcı hali sevgilisini daha da arzulu hale getiren bir kadının. 256 00:24:21,598 --> 00:24:24,670 İşte biz buna sevgi ile oyulmuş diyoruz. 257 00:24:29,678 --> 00:24:34,798 Bernini okşamalarını yontarak yapmış gibi. 258 00:24:35,198 --> 00:24:37,154 Gömleğin inip gidişi büyük ihtimalle 259 00:24:37,238 --> 00:24:40,435 tüm Avrupa heykelciliğindeki 260 00:24:40,518 --> 00:24:42,748 en çekici davet. 261 00:24:48,118 --> 00:24:50,871 Bu heykel ile ilgili eşsiz olan birşey daha var. 262 00:24:50,958 --> 00:24:53,426 Sinirinden köpürmüş birisini andırıyor. 263 00:24:54,118 --> 00:24:58,236 Costanza Buonarelli bir heykeltraşın asistanı olabilir ama 264 00:24:58,318 --> 00:25:01,993 oldukça eski ve gururlu bir aile olan Piccolominilerden gelmekteydi. 265 00:25:07,758 --> 00:25:10,113 Çenesi emin, 266 00:25:10,198 --> 00:25:13,634 bir goncayı andıran ağzı konuşma halinde, 267 00:25:13,718 --> 00:25:15,549 ve pekte saygılı bir şekilde değil. 268 00:25:18,558 --> 00:25:21,868 Herşey kadınlığı tanımlamalıydı, 269 00:25:21,958 --> 00:25:24,233 çekingenlik, bozulmamış bir duruluk 270 00:25:24,318 --> 00:25:26,434 Costanza için çöpe atıldı. 271 00:25:26,518 --> 00:25:28,668 O arsız biriydi, 272 00:25:28,758 --> 00:25:31,670 ve heykeltraş onun bu huyuna tutkundu. 273 00:25:40,318 --> 00:25:44,516 Fakat Bernini'nin felaketine yol açan Contanza'nın bu tabiatı değil, 274 00:25:44,598 --> 00:25:46,111 ta kendisiydi. 275 00:25:46,198 --> 00:25:51,431 Tüm efendi cazibesine karşın, Bernini çabuk sinirlenmesi ile bilinirdi. 276 00:25:52,238 --> 00:25:54,957 Tüm o görüntünün ve zarifliğin altında 277 00:25:55,038 --> 00:25:59,077 kana susamış bir Napolili gangsterin öfkesi vardı. 278 00:26:01,998 --> 00:26:06,355 Şok edici ve inanması çok güç olan bir olayda onun ortaya çıkmasına izin verdi. 279 00:26:10,118 --> 00:26:12,109 Herşey bir söylenti ile başladı. 280 00:26:13,078 --> 00:26:16,991 Costanza'nın artık pekte sadık olmadığı kulağına fısıldandı. 281 00:26:18,038 --> 00:26:20,552 Görünüşe göre Bernini erkeklerine karşı birşeyler besliyordu 282 00:26:20,638 --> 00:26:24,392 çünkü sadece Gian Lorenzo ile değil aynı zamanda 283 00:26:24,478 --> 00:26:27,311 erkek kardeşi Luigi ile de yatıyordu. 284 00:26:38,878 --> 00:26:40,709 İnsanın ellerini Bay Muhteşem dışında başkasına 285 00:26:40,798 --> 00:26:46,031 sürmek istemesi inanılır gibi değil biliyorum 286 00:26:46,958 --> 00:26:49,631 fakat dedikodular doğru olabilir miydi? 287 00:26:54,718 --> 00:26:56,913 O akşam tuzak kuruldu. 288 00:26:57,838 --> 00:27:02,787 Gian Lorenzo bir sonraki gün şehir dışına çıkması gerektiğini söyler, 289 00:27:02,878 --> 00:27:04,789 şehirde olmayacaktır. 290 00:27:05,678 --> 00:27:08,636 Fakat elbetteki şehir dışına gitmez. 291 00:27:08,718 --> 00:27:13,314 Onun yerine, ertesi sabah erkenden Costanza'nın evine gider 292 00:27:13,398 --> 00:27:14,717 ve bekler. 293 00:27:22,678 --> 00:27:25,988 Luigi belirir. Costanza da. 294 00:27:27,158 --> 00:27:30,673 Bernini'nin sevgiyle yonttuğu dolgun göğüsler 295 00:27:30,758 --> 00:27:34,797 tutkulu bir kucaklaşmada Luigi'nin göğsüne değerek düzleşmiştir. 296 00:27:41,278 --> 00:27:43,314 Sokaklar, meydanlar, köprüler boyu 297 00:27:44,798 --> 00:27:48,996 bir kovalamaca başlar, tam da Aziz Peter meydanının ortasına kadar. 298 00:27:52,638 --> 00:27:58,668 Resmi mimarının kendi kardeşini öldürmek için elinden geleni yaptığı yer. 299 00:28:02,718 --> 00:28:07,348 Gian Lorenzo demir bir çubuk alır ve Luigi'nin vücuduna indirir, 300 00:28:07,878 --> 00:28:09,550 iki kaburga kemiğini kırar. 301 00:28:20,758 --> 00:28:23,226 Mucizevi bir işçi olmasıyla ünlüdür. 302 00:28:23,838 --> 00:28:28,150 Bu sefer mucize öz kardeşini öldürmemiş olmasıdır. 303 00:28:31,838 --> 00:28:36,434 Onları ayırmak için annelerinin papalığın polislerine bir mesaj göndermesi gerekecektir. 304 00:28:44,598 --> 00:28:46,793 Ve bu herşeyin sonu değildi. 305 00:28:47,118 --> 00:28:52,112 Aynı gün öğleden sonra, Gian Lorenzo Costanza'nın evine bir uşak gönderir. 306 00:28:53,478 --> 00:28:59,235 Onun boğazını kesmez. Bunun yerine, onun mükemmel yüzünü ince şeritlere böler. 307 00:29:03,998 --> 00:29:09,994 Sonuç olarak, taşı güzellik yaratmak için kesen adam, eti mahvetmek için kesmiştir. 308 00:29:19,038 --> 00:29:21,996 Sizce ağır yaralama ve cinayete teşebbüsten ötürü 309 00:29:22,078 --> 00:29:25,468 Bernini'nin cezası neydi? 310 00:29:25,558 --> 00:29:30,951 Oh, oldukça ağır bir ceza, 3,000 scudi. 311 00:29:31,038 --> 00:29:34,075 Dostu Papa onu da siler tabii. 312 00:29:34,158 --> 00:29:37,912 "Yaramaz, yaramaz seni" der Papa, "Bu bir daha olmamalı. 313 00:29:37,998 --> 00:29:41,308 "Bu yüzden seni evliliğe mahkum ediyorum" 314 00:29:41,398 --> 00:29:45,835 "Ve bu arada o Roma'daki en güzel kız olacak." 315 00:29:45,918 --> 00:29:50,230 "Bu seni yaramazlıktan uzak tutar." Papa göz kırpar, dirseğiyle hafifçe dürter. 316 00:29:55,238 --> 00:30:00,915 Böylelikle Bernini Romalı bir avukatın kızı, Caterina Tezio ile evlendirilir. 317 00:30:03,038 --> 00:30:07,111 Kavgadan kardeş Luigi'nin payına düşen ise Bologna'ya sürgün edilmek olmuştur. 318 00:30:07,918 --> 00:30:13,038 Geri kalan herkes hapsi boylar. Jiletle doğrama işini yapan uşak 319 00:30:13,638 --> 00:30:18,314 ve Costanza'nın kendisi, yaralanmaya ek olarak aşağılanma ile 320 00:30:18,838 --> 00:30:22,069 gayrimeşru cinsel ilişki ve zinadan suçlu bulunur. 321 00:30:25,678 --> 00:30:27,669 Peki büste ne olmuştur? 322 00:30:27,758 --> 00:30:31,717 Eh, Bernini'nin yeni karısı onu evde istemez. 323 00:30:31,798 --> 00:30:36,474 Kaldı ki, Gian Lorenzo da ona bakmaya dayanamamaktadır zaten. 324 00:30:38,598 --> 00:30:41,192 Sanırım onu parçalayabilirdi. 325 00:30:42,758 --> 00:30:46,751 Neyse ki, Floransa'dan doktor bir müşteri büstü havada kapar. 326 00:30:50,518 --> 00:30:55,148 Floransa'daki Bargello Müzesi'nde ona bu sayede bakabiliyoruz. 327 00:30:55,638 --> 00:31:00,234 Costanza'nın bir zamanlar olduğu ve bizim için her zaman olacağı haline. 328 00:31:14,598 --> 00:31:18,034 Ve şöyle düşünebilirsiniz, "Heykeltraşlığının ne kadar iyi olduğu umrumda değil. 329 00:31:18,118 --> 00:31:20,632 "Sanatının ne kadar önemli olduğu umrumda değil." 330 00:31:20,718 --> 00:31:23,471 ''Tam bir soysuz!" 331 00:31:23,558 --> 00:31:27,187 "Lütfen bana paçayı kurtarmadığını söyleyin." 332 00:31:31,638 --> 00:31:37,588 Eh, fazlasıyla ilginç bir şekilde, Costanza'ya karşı işlenen suç anından itibaren 333 00:31:37,678 --> 00:31:43,469 Şovalye Dokunulmaz için durumların hızla yokuş aşağı gittiğiydi. 334 00:31:49,798 --> 00:31:53,632 Ve herşey Bernini için en önemli yerde ters gitti. 335 00:31:55,118 --> 00:31:59,111 Sanatçıları ve mimarları yaratan veya bitiren yer. 336 00:32:01,238 --> 00:32:03,468 Aziz Peter Katedrali. 337 00:32:12,598 --> 00:32:15,351 Hepimizin bildiği Aziz Peter'in ön cephesi burası, 338 00:32:15,438 --> 00:32:18,748 ancak saldırgan bir özgüvene sahip 17. yüzyıl papaları 339 00:32:18,838 --> 00:32:20,510 bunla yetinmek istemediler. 340 00:32:23,518 --> 00:32:29,036 şuanda saatleri gördüğümüz yerlere, her köşe başına harika çan kuleleri istediler, 341 00:32:30,598 --> 00:32:35,956 En nihayetinde inananı papanın takdisi için çağıracak, 342 00:32:36,998 --> 00:32:39,466 ve Hristiyan rüyasını gerçekleştirecek olan o çanlardı. 343 00:32:42,998 --> 00:32:47,037 Ama ortada, tabii ki, Michelangelo'nun müthiş kubbesi yükselmektedir. 344 00:32:48,518 --> 00:32:52,989 Sonuç olarak, kuleler için yapılan ilk dizaynlar onları oldukça alçaltmıştı. 345 00:32:54,078 --> 00:32:57,036 Güvenli, alçak, tek katlı işler. 346 00:33:00,558 --> 00:33:05,393 Sonra yapısı itibariyle itaat etme kabiliyeti olmayan Bernini gelir. 347 00:33:07,398 --> 00:33:11,232 "Benim kulelerim sizin kubbenizden daha uzun olacak" der. 348 00:33:11,798 --> 00:33:13,595 Üç kat daha uzun doğrusu. 349 00:33:14,798 --> 00:33:18,677 Asıl temelden 70 metre yükseklikte, 350 00:33:19,038 --> 00:33:22,235 orjinal kulelerden altı kat daha ağır. 351 00:33:25,318 --> 00:33:30,995 Problem ise Bernini'nin kulelerinin bataklık zemine inşa edilmek üzere oluşuydu. 352 00:33:37,478 --> 00:33:41,517 Başlamadan önce Bernini bunu bilmiyor değildi. 353 00:33:41,598 --> 00:33:46,274 Sadece etrafı duymak istediğini söyleyen dalkavuklarla çevriliydi. 354 00:33:49,278 --> 00:33:53,317 Asıl sorun, bu uzun kuleleri tehlikeli zemine inşa etmek değildi. 355 00:33:54,838 --> 00:33:58,308 İhtiyacı olan aldığı riskleri ona ayrıntına kadar, 356 00:33:58,398 --> 00:34:01,913 acımasızca açıklamaktan korkmayacak dürüst danışmanlardı. 357 00:34:05,078 --> 00:34:09,230 Sabit olmayan temellerin üzerine uzun, ağır kuleler inşa etmenin 358 00:34:09,318 --> 00:34:13,277 bela aramak olduğunu bilen bir kişi vardı. 359 00:34:13,718 --> 00:34:15,788 O kişi Borromini'ydi. 360 00:34:20,398 --> 00:34:25,347 Ama görünen o ki düşmanına akıl danışmak Bernini için onur kırıcıydı. 361 00:34:26,678 --> 00:34:30,193 Sonuç olarak, Borromini'nin eleştirisinin avantajı olmaksızın, 362 00:34:30,278 --> 00:34:33,873 Bernini felaketin tam ortasına yelken açar. 363 00:34:38,998 --> 00:34:43,947 1641 Haziran'ında, Bernini ilk kulesini halka sunar. 364 00:34:48,398 --> 00:34:52,186 İki ay sonra, çatlaklar görünmeye başlar. 365 00:34:59,558 --> 00:35:02,914 Bernini yatağına sığınır. Yemek yemez. 366 00:35:02,998 --> 00:35:05,990 O kadar hastalanır ki, ölmek üzere olduğu bildirilir. 367 00:35:09,878 --> 00:35:12,108 Daha da kötüleşir. 368 00:35:12,198 --> 00:35:15,508 Çatlaklar sadece çan kulesinin temelinde değildir. 369 00:35:15,998 --> 00:35:19,752 Ana kilisenin ön cephesine kadar yayılmışlardır. 370 00:35:48,438 --> 00:35:52,431 Ve, 1644'te, felaket gelir. 371 00:35:52,518 --> 00:35:54,827 Pope Urban VIII, Bernini'nin arkadaşı 372 00:35:54,918 --> 00:35:58,149 ve çan kulesinin en güvenilir destekçisi, ölür. 373 00:36:04,038 --> 00:36:06,506 Yeni bir papa vardır, Innocent X, 374 00:36:06,598 --> 00:36:12,389 ve Bernini gibi tüm eski gözdelerden kurtulmayı görevi olarak görmektedir. 375 00:36:12,478 --> 00:36:17,268 Ne de olsa, yeni bir gözdesi vardır, Francesco Borromini. 376 00:36:21,998 --> 00:36:25,308 Bernini'nin gölgesinde geçen 15 yıldan sonra 377 00:36:26,238 --> 00:36:30,277 Borromini'nin intikam anı sonunda gelmiştir. 378 00:36:33,118 --> 00:36:36,190 Bernini'nin kulelerini halletmek için bir araştırma yapılır. 379 00:36:38,518 --> 00:36:41,271 Borromini, Bernini'nin felaketini sevgiyle betimleyen resmi, 380 00:36:42,398 --> 00:36:46,949 ayrıntılı kanıtları sunar. 381 00:37:01,278 --> 00:37:04,395 "Eh, ne bekliyordun ki?" der Borromini. 382 00:37:04,478 --> 00:37:08,107 "Kule çok uzun. Temel direkleri için çok ağır." 383 00:37:08,198 --> 00:37:12,350 '' Çok hantal. Bataklık zemine dikkatsizce inşa edilmiş." 384 00:37:12,918 --> 00:37:16,308 " Halen çökmemiş olması inanılmaz aslında." 385 00:37:16,398 --> 00:37:19,754 "Hasarın ne kadar ciddi olduğunu görmek için 386 00:37:19,838 --> 00:37:22,910 olaydan sonra gidip kulenin altını kazmak yeterli." 387 00:37:22,998 --> 00:37:26,468 "Eğer bana sorsaydı, binalar hakkında birkaç şey bildiğime göre, 388 00:37:26,558 --> 00:37:29,436 ona söylerdim. Ama sormadı." 389 00:37:35,158 --> 00:37:40,676 23 Şubat 1646'da, Bernini'nin güney kulesinin kaderini tayin etmek üzere 390 00:37:40,758 --> 00:37:43,716 Vatikan'da bir toplantı yapıldı. 391 00:37:44,638 --> 00:37:47,596 Ancak Papa kararını çoktan vermişti. 392 00:37:49,318 --> 00:37:50,717 Yıkım. 393 00:37:56,198 --> 00:37:59,190 Kulenin yıkımı 11 ay sürer. 394 00:37:59,278 --> 00:38:04,147 Eğer Bernini Aziz Peter Katedrali'nin yakınlarında olsaydı, bunu görür ve duyardı. 395 00:38:04,638 --> 00:38:08,313 Vinçler, palangalar, çatıya yığılmış kolonlar. 396 00:38:09,358 --> 00:38:14,637 Çan kulesi yere indi, ve onla birlikte şan ve şöhretin doruklarından 397 00:38:14,718 --> 00:38:19,872 Gian Lorenzo Bernini de gülünç denebilecek bir konuma indi . 398 00:38:29,798 --> 00:38:31,914 Yıl 1648. 399 00:38:31,998 --> 00:38:35,957 Bernini 50 yaşında, zamanın standartlarına göre yaşlı. 400 00:38:37,878 --> 00:38:41,029 Peki aşağılanmayı nasıl atlattı? 401 00:38:42,718 --> 00:38:47,314 Ziyaretine gelen İngiliz bir öğrenci onu umutsuzluğa sürükler. 402 00:38:49,078 --> 00:38:51,717 Diğerleri işine dört elle sarılmasını sağlar. 403 00:38:52,598 --> 00:38:54,429 Halen sipariş almaktadır, 404 00:38:54,518 --> 00:38:58,272 ama Roma'nın ağır toplarından değil, artık değil. 405 00:38:59,038 --> 00:39:02,508 Kendisini afettirmesi için artık bir mucize gerekmektedir. 406 00:39:05,278 --> 00:39:08,588 Ve sonra o mucize gelir. 407 00:39:26,158 --> 00:39:29,116 Akıllara durgunluk veren bir drama anı. 408 00:39:31,238 --> 00:39:36,312 Gizem ile uygunsuzluk arasında bocalayan bir an. 409 00:39:39,278 --> 00:39:41,917 İçine girilmiş bir aziz vücudu. 410 00:39:56,078 --> 00:40:01,232 Yolundan alıkonulmuş ok, tekrar vurması için havada durdurulmuş. 411 00:40:02,078 --> 00:40:04,990 Acısı zevkten ayırdedilemez. 412 00:40:06,518 --> 00:40:11,114 Nefesi kesilmiş kadın havada duruyor, dalgalanan taştan yastıklar üzerinde 413 00:40:11,198 --> 00:40:13,792 yer çekimine karşı geliyor. 414 00:40:19,998 --> 00:40:24,867 Peki, Bernini'ye bir azizi şimdiye kadar kimsenin cesaret edemediği şekilde 415 00:40:24,958 --> 00:40:28,348 betimleme şansını veren kimdi? 416 00:40:33,958 --> 00:40:39,828 Santa Maria della Vittoria kilisesinde aile şapeli yaptırmak isteyen, 417 00:40:39,918 --> 00:40:44,867 köklü aristokratik bir soydan gelen Cardinal Federico Cornaro'dan 418 00:40:44,958 --> 00:40:47,916 daha saygıdeğer bir müşteri düşünemezsiniz. 419 00:40:49,278 --> 00:40:53,317 Avilalı Teresa'dan haberi olmalıydı. Herkesin haberi vardı. 420 00:40:58,838 --> 00:41:02,672 Teresa, 1582'de anavatanı İspanya'da öldü. 421 00:41:03,958 --> 00:41:09,988 Ancak Teresa'yı azizelik için uygunsuz kılan bir şey, hatta birçok şey vardı. 422 00:41:11,278 --> 00:41:13,746 Özellikle havaya yükselmeleri. 423 00:41:19,478 --> 00:41:22,470 Birden sevinç her tarafımı kapladı, 424 00:41:23,038 --> 00:41:25,711 neredeyse beni vücudumdan ayıracaktı. 425 00:41:29,118 --> 00:41:30,870 Şu sözcükleri duydum, 426 00:41:32,518 --> 00:41:37,672 ''Artık insanlarla değil, meleklerle konuşmanı istiyorum." 427 00:41:47,798 --> 00:41:50,790 Tüm modern azizler arasında halen kendisine adanmış bir şapeli olmayanın 428 00:41:50,878 --> 00:41:54,712 Teresa olması şaşırtıcı değildir. 429 00:41:55,158 --> 00:41:59,754 Onun katı rahibeler topluluğu, Yalınayak Karmelitler'in 430 00:41:59,838 --> 00:42:01,749 koruyucusu olan Cornaro ailesi 431 00:42:01,838 --> 00:42:06,753 bu fırsata atladı ve Bernini'ye hem kariyerinin en zorlu görevini verdi 432 00:42:06,838 --> 00:42:10,433 hem de görkemli bir geridönüş için fırsat sundu. 433 00:42:11,238 --> 00:42:14,753 Sanat tarihinde onun veya herhangi bir heykeltraşın 434 00:42:14,838 --> 00:42:17,796 tasavvur edebileceği veya en azından başarabileceği 435 00:42:17,878 --> 00:42:21,234 en cüretkar beden sahnesiydi. 436 00:42:34,278 --> 00:42:37,907 Bernini kesinlikle Azize Teresa hakkında bilgiye sahipti. 437 00:42:37,998 --> 00:42:41,832 Otobiyografisi Katolik Roma'da en çok satılan kitaptı. 438 00:42:43,438 --> 00:42:49,308 Çoğu insan gibi, Bernini de onun hikayesinin gerçekçi dürüstlüğüyle irkilmiş olmalıydı. 439 00:42:49,998 --> 00:42:54,150 Ama tüm bunların ötesinde Bernini, Teresa'nın kendisine olanları 440 00:42:54,238 --> 00:42:58,356 hayaledilebilecek en canlı kelimelerle tanımladığı 441 00:42:58,438 --> 00:43:00,952 o anlar tarafından çarpılmış olmalıydı. 442 00:43:06,478 --> 00:43:10,596 "İnsan suretinde bir melek hemen yanımda belirdi. 443 00:43:12,878 --> 00:43:16,712 Ellerinde altından bir ok gördüm. 444 00:43:17,758 --> 00:43:21,990 Ve demirden ucunda, ateşten bir nokta var gibi görünüyordu. 445 00:43:26,678 --> 00:43:31,513 Oku kalbime birçok kez batırıyormuş gibi hissettim, 446 00:43:32,318 --> 00:43:36,596 iç organlarıma kadar giriyordu. 447 00:43:39,918 --> 00:43:43,706 Oku çektiğinde, içimdekileri de dışarı çekiyormuş gibiydi, 448 00:43:44,478 --> 00:43:48,915 ve beni tamamen Tanrı'nın aşkıyla yanıp tutuşmuş bir şekilde bıraktı. 449 00:43:56,638 --> 00:44:01,314 Acı o kadar şiddetliydi ki, birçok kez inlememe sebep oldu." 450 00:44:14,958 --> 00:44:18,189 Bernini'nin olmadığı bir şey varsa, 451 00:44:18,278 --> 00:44:19,677 o da inceliksiz idi. 452 00:44:19,758 --> 00:44:24,229 Bernini,Teresa'nın nöbetlerini yazarken 453 00:44:24,318 --> 00:44:29,233 ruhunun Tanrı'yla tamamlanmış bir birleşmeye olan özleminden bahsettiğini anlıyordu. 454 00:44:29,878 --> 00:44:32,108 Ruhunun ve bedeninin aynı şeylermiş gibi görünmesini sağlayan 455 00:44:32,198 --> 00:44:36,669 Teresa'nın olayı yazış biçimiydi. 456 00:44:42,798 --> 00:44:49,067 Bernini'nin tüm vücut sahneleri havada bükülmüş bir figür özelliği taşımıştır. 457 00:44:49,878 --> 00:44:52,597 Proserpina'nın Pluto'dan kaçışı. 458 00:44:52,678 --> 00:44:56,876 Daphne zalim kaderinden kaçmak için gökyüzüne yükseliyor gibi. 459 00:44:59,958 --> 00:45:03,155 Şimdi Teresa'yı havada süzülür hale getirmenin zamanıydı. 460 00:45:04,118 --> 00:45:09,829 Ama bu sefer, penetrasyondan kaçarken değil, onun için can atarken. 461 00:45:16,838 --> 00:45:20,274 Durumu hafifletmek için daha kibar kelimeler kullanmayı unutmanın zamanıydı. 462 00:45:20,798 --> 00:45:22,470 Bernini'nin Teresa'nın duyu akışıyla iletişim kurabilmesinin tek yolu, 463 00:45:22,558 --> 00:45:26,346 bedensel mest hali hakkında bildiği 464 00:45:26,438 --> 00:45:30,829 şeyi görünür kılmaktı. 465 00:45:31,798 --> 00:45:35,996 Seksüel öforinin zirvesindeki bir kadının yüzü. 466 00:45:38,078 --> 00:45:42,913 Bu kendi gizli bedensel günah tecrübesini, 467 00:45:42,998 --> 00:45:45,034 bedensel takdise dönüştürmesi gibiydi. 468 00:45:46,838 --> 00:45:52,788 Tabii ki bu, hücre duvarından elbiselerine yapışmış rahibe kardeşleriyle yükselen 469 00:45:52,878 --> 00:45:55,312 orta yaşlı gerçek Teresa değil. 470 00:45:56,318 --> 00:45:59,754 Hayır, bu kadın unutulamayacak kadar güzel. 471 00:46:01,678 --> 00:46:05,273 Muhteşem aşık baş melek için bir eş. 472 00:46:07,518 --> 00:46:09,554 Onlar, bir anlamda, çiftler. 473 00:46:10,478 --> 00:46:14,790 Gülümseyen yüz, okunu onun göğüslerine doğrultmuyor, 474 00:46:14,878 --> 00:46:17,312 daha ziyade gövdenin aşağısına doğrultmuş durumda. 475 00:46:26,118 --> 00:46:29,349 Peki hem birleşmeleri, 476 00:46:29,438 --> 00:46:33,397 hem de Teresa'yı baştan aşağı yıkayıp yutan duyular medceziri nasıl görünür kılınabilirdi ki? 477 00:46:33,918 --> 00:46:38,514 İşte tam bu noktada Bernini'nin can alıcı bütünü kavrama kabiliyeti devreye giriyor. 478 00:46:41,118 --> 00:46:44,269 Bernini, Teresa'nın içini dışına çıkartıyor, 479 00:46:45,078 --> 00:46:49,833 örtüsü, giysisi, bekaret ve kendini tutmanın sembolu, 480 00:46:50,478 --> 00:46:55,108 içinde olup bitenlerin sembolu oluyor. 481 00:47:00,558 --> 00:47:06,474 İçinde ümitsiz bir çözülmeyle sıvı mutluluğa dönüştüğü suç ortağı giysileri. 482 00:47:16,318 --> 00:47:19,594 Bu aslında, boşalmanın ta kendisi. 483 00:47:20,598 --> 00:47:25,388 Sanki mermer erimiş gibi çalkalanan, inip kalkan 484 00:47:25,478 --> 00:47:27,867 duygulardan oluşan fırtına dalgası. 485 00:47:30,118 --> 00:47:34,191 Ve bu dev dalgalar, 486 00:47:34,278 --> 00:47:37,429 kıyıya vuran dalgalar gibi, gülümseyen melekten 487 00:47:37,518 --> 00:47:41,193 Teresa'nın elbisesinin içine, 488 00:47:41,278 --> 00:47:44,315 boşluklar ve çatlakların içine dolan 489 00:47:44,398 --> 00:47:47,390 dalgalar okyanusuna katıldıkları yere dökülüyorlar. 490 00:47:57,638 --> 00:48:00,516 Bunların hiçbiri gizli saklı değil. 491 00:48:00,598 --> 00:48:03,556 Bernini bakmamızı, daha da iyi bakmamızı istiyor. 492 00:48:06,158 --> 00:48:10,276 Daha da ötesi, sahneyi seyirciyle, 493 00:48:10,838 --> 00:48:13,113 Cornaro ailesinin üyeleriyle çevreliyor. 494 00:48:14,358 --> 00:48:18,829 Bazısı gösteriyi izliyor, bazısı bunun ne anlama gelebileceği hakkında konuşuyor. 495 00:48:23,398 --> 00:48:29,030 Her türlü gösteri ışığı mevcut, sahte ışık huzmeleri, arkada gizlenmiş ışıklar. 496 00:48:33,158 --> 00:48:38,994 Ve Teresa doruğuna tırmandıkça, yeryüzü gerçekten hareket ediyor. 497 00:48:40,238 --> 00:48:42,194 Aşağıya bakın. 498 00:48:42,278 --> 00:48:45,714 Yeryüzü yarılıyor ve bir ölü çıkıyor. 499 00:48:49,998 --> 00:48:52,751 Herşey sallanıyor ve titriyor, 500 00:48:54,478 --> 00:48:57,151 küçük şapelin kolonları bile. 501 00:48:57,558 --> 00:49:01,790 Ve burada Bernini, mimarlığı beceremediğini söyleyen 502 00:49:01,878 --> 00:49:04,950 tüm o eleştirmenlere son darbeyi indiriyor. 503 00:49:05,038 --> 00:49:11,068 En azından sezgi düşmanı, acayip çıkıntılar ve kıvrımlar üzerine uzmanlaşmış Borromini'ye. 504 00:49:13,598 --> 00:49:18,626 "Tamam" dedi Bernini, " Size sadece çıkıntılardan ve kıvrımlardan ibaret değil, 505 00:49:18,718 --> 00:49:21,186 "dahası içerde devam eden dramanın büsbütün kontrol edilemez gücünden 506 00:49:21,278 --> 00:49:26,033 kolonların patladığı bir tapınak inşa edeceğim." 507 00:49:32,758 --> 00:49:37,707 Hayatında en tutkulu denediği şey, Aziz Peter kuleleri 508 00:49:37,878 --> 00:49:42,315 küçük düşürücü bir başarısızlıkla yerle bir olmuştu. 509 00:49:45,598 --> 00:49:50,388 Şimdi, Teresa'nın yükselme ve utanç içindeki Şövalye Bernini'nin 510 00:49:50,478 --> 00:49:55,996 diriltilmiş şanını yukarılara taşıma vaktiydi. 511 00:50:02,558 --> 00:50:04,992 Ve işi bittiğinde arkasına yaslanıp, 512 00:50:05,078 --> 00:50:09,788 " Tamamdır, bunu da geçin bakalım." dediğini hissediyorsunuz. 513 00:50:11,278 --> 00:50:12,996 Kimse başaramadı. 514 00:50:26,398 --> 00:50:28,787 Cornaro ailesi şapellerine bayıldı. 515 00:50:29,358 --> 00:50:34,034 12,000 scudi, sorun değil, her scudoya değer. 516 00:50:34,638 --> 00:50:37,277 Söylentiler yayılmıştı. Göz kamaştırıcı geri dönmüştü. 517 00:50:37,918 --> 00:50:42,992 Borromini Vatikan koridorları boyunca mutsuzca ve sinsice dolaşırken 518 00:50:43,078 --> 00:50:47,435 ters, yaşlı Papa Innocent X bile Bernini'ye karşı yumuşamıştı. 519 00:50:58,798 --> 00:51:02,916 Sorun Borromini'nin papadan artık hiç sipariş almıyor oluşu değildi, 520 00:51:02,998 --> 00:51:06,308 sorun, zaferi kazananın Bernini oluşuydu. 521 00:51:09,678 --> 00:51:14,354 Sonuç olarak, Roma'da nereye giderseniz gidin, tam olarak Cavaliere'nin (şovalye) şehrindesiniz. 522 00:51:16,798 --> 00:51:19,995 Ponte Sant'Angelo'dan Aziz Peter'a yaklaşırken, 523 00:51:20,758 --> 00:51:23,591 Bernini'nin melekleri size eşlik eder. 524 00:51:31,278 --> 00:51:35,237 Ve her ne kadar Aziz Peter'daki çan kuleleri reddedilmiş olsa da 525 00:51:35,318 --> 00:51:37,354 çok daha iyi bir şey yaptı. 526 00:51:38,758 --> 00:51:43,309 Bizi koca kiliseye götüren sıra kolonların 527 00:51:43,398 --> 00:51:47,596 kolları inananları dinin göğsünde toplar. 528 00:51:54,798 --> 00:51:58,108 Kilisenin içinde, gölgeliği geçtiğinizde 529 00:51:58,198 --> 00:52:01,315 Bernini'nin harika ışıklarına kapılırsınız. 530 00:52:02,438 --> 00:52:05,350 Aziz Peter'ın yerinde Kutsal Ruh oturmaktadır. 531 00:52:10,998 --> 00:52:14,752 Papalar gelmiş ve geçmiştir ancak Bernini kalmıştır. 532 00:52:16,158 --> 00:52:20,913 Günah işlemekten vazgeçmiş, örnek bir Hristiyan olmuş, 11 çocuğa babalık etmiştir. 533 00:52:21,518 --> 00:52:23,554 Birdaha hiç yoldan sapmadığını söylerler. 534 00:52:26,918 --> 00:52:29,591 Ve söylenen odur ki, ne zaman derdi olsa, 535 00:52:29,678 --> 00:52:33,387 Santa Maria della Vittoria kilisesinde azize Teresa mabedinin önünde 536 00:52:34,118 --> 00:52:37,030 dua ederken bulunabilirmiş. 537 00:52:40,798 --> 00:52:43,392 Peki bu hikayedeki diğerlerine ne oldu? 538 00:52:44,798 --> 00:52:49,474 Yüzü kesik Costanza sonunda uzun acılar çeken 539 00:52:49,558 --> 00:52:52,516 kocasının yardımıyla hapishaneden çıktı. 540 00:52:57,798 --> 00:53:01,268 Borromini daha da egzantrik ve görkemli kiliselerin 541 00:53:01,358 --> 00:53:04,668 muhteşem ustabaşı olmaya devam etti. 542 00:53:05,758 --> 00:53:09,751 Ama sonunda, hiç bir zaman takdir gördüğünü gerçekten hissetmedi 543 00:53:09,838 --> 00:53:12,671 ve Bernini'nin dönüşünü hiç atlatamadı. 544 00:53:14,318 --> 00:53:19,551 İçten içe onu yiyip bitiren kıskançlık ve hayalkırıklığı sonucu, intihar etti. 545 00:53:25,078 --> 00:53:27,114 Peki kardeş Luigi'ye ne oldu? 546 00:53:27,198 --> 00:53:30,349 Eh, sürgünden sonra Roma'ya döndü 547 00:53:30,438 --> 00:53:34,590 ve 60'larının sonlarında, tekrar sürgündeydi. 548 00:53:34,678 --> 00:53:38,830 Bu sefer flagrante delicto (cinsel ilişki) esnasında yakalandı ve tahmin edin nerede? 549 00:53:38,918 --> 00:53:42,388 Kutsal kilise Aziz Peter civarında. 550 00:53:43,158 --> 00:53:45,592 Mahkeme kayıtlarına göre, 551 00:53:45,678 --> 00:53:49,432 zorla fiili livata (ters ilişki) yapmaktan tutuklandı. 552 00:53:54,958 --> 00:53:59,748 Aile adını temize çıkarmak ve kardeşi için papadan affı garantiye almak adına, 553 00:53:59,838 --> 00:54:02,352 Bernini Kutsanmış Ludovica Albertoni'yi 554 00:54:04,118 --> 00:54:06,837 yarattı. 555 00:54:13,878 --> 00:54:17,871 Gerçi bana göre, Roma'da sahnelenen işlerin hiçbiri 556 00:54:17,958 --> 00:54:21,667 "Şimdiye kadar en az kötü yaptığım şey." 557 00:54:21,758 --> 00:54:24,955 dediği çalışmasına yaklaşamaz bile. 558 00:54:28,598 --> 00:54:33,547 Neden? Çünkü hepimizin, eğer dürüstsek, açlık duyduğumuz 559 00:54:34,238 --> 00:54:38,072 ama öncesinde adamakıllı dilimizin tutulduğu bir şeyi 560 00:54:39,638 --> 00:54:42,630 gözle görülür, elle tutulur hale getirmeyi başarmıştır. 561 00:54:43,518 --> 00:54:47,591 Düşünebileceğinizden çok daha fazla kötü yazı, 562 00:54:47,678 --> 00:54:52,798 çok daha fazla acı veren şiir üretmiş bir şey. 563 00:54:57,398 --> 00:55:00,674 Sanat tarihçilerinin buna bakıp da 564 00:55:00,758 --> 00:55:04,671 açık olanı söylemekten kaçınırken dokuz doğurmalarına şaşmamalı. 565 00:55:05,718 --> 00:55:10,348 Hepimizin doğumla ölüm arasında deneyimlediği 566 00:55:10,438 --> 00:55:14,511 bedenin en yoğun, en sarsıcı sahnesine bakıyoruz. 567 00:55:17,318 --> 00:55:23,075 Sadece erotik kimyanın kasılmalarına baktığımız söylenemez. 568 00:55:24,118 --> 00:55:26,996 Çünkü tam da sadece bundan ibaret olmadığından. 569 00:55:27,798 --> 00:55:31,347 Çünkü bu bir şekilde fiziksel özlem 570 00:55:31,438 --> 00:55:36,592 ve, size uyanını seçin, ruhani veya duygusal aşkınlığın birleşimi 571 00:55:37,158 --> 00:55:40,036 olan Bernini'nin Azize Teresa'nın Coşkusu 572 00:55:40,118 --> 00:55:44,270 ne kadar uzun bakarsa, seyirciyi 573 00:55:44,358 --> 00:55:46,872 o kadar ele geçiren bir heykel. 574 00:55:55,638 --> 00:55:59,392 Demek ki, 18. yüzyıl Fransız ustası 575 00:55:59,478 --> 00:56:01,434 Teresa'ya bakıp, 576 00:56:01,518 --> 00:56:04,828 "Eğer bu ilahi aşk ise, gayet iyi biliyorum" dediğinde 577 00:56:04,918 --> 00:56:07,751 kurnazca espri yapmıyordu muhtemelen, 578 00:56:07,838 --> 00:56:11,877 sanatın gücünü kullanarak en zor olanı, yeryüzünde en çok arzu edilen şeyi: 579 00:56:11,998 --> 00:56:16,355 saf mutluluğu görselleştirmeyi başardığı için 580 00:56:17,238 --> 00:56:20,355 Bernini'ye şapkasını çıkarıyordu.
Turkish to English: BBC- Power of Art by Simon Schama- David General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Cinema, Film, TV, Drama
Source text - Turkish 1 00:00:15,607 --> 00:00:20,806 A funeral cortége clatters its way through the cobbled streets of Brussels. 2 00:00:22,447 --> 00:00:24,165 Inside the carriage is the body 3 00:00:24,247 --> 00:00:27,762 of the most powerful French painter there had ever been. 4 00:00:28,807 --> 00:00:30,525 Jacques-Louis David. 5 00:00:37,967 --> 00:00:41,880 Following the carriage is a solemn procession of art students, 6 00:00:41,967 --> 00:00:45,880 holding up placards with the names of his paintings. 7 00:00:49,087 --> 00:00:54,445 All but one, which happened to be the greatest of them all. 8 00:00:55,287 --> 00:00:59,758 It was a picture which hadn't seen the light of day for 30 years. 9 00:00:59,847 --> 00:01:04,045 No one, least of all the man who painted it, dared show it. 10 00:01:09,167 --> 00:01:13,604 No wonder. It was the most spellbinding thing he had ever made. 11 00:01:15,327 --> 00:01:18,524 A painting before which people had once swooned. 12 00:01:19,647 --> 00:01:23,117 A painting both beautiful and repulsive. 13 00:01:27,087 --> 00:01:30,523 But the picture was also a guilty secret, 14 00:01:30,607 --> 00:01:35,283 the real reason why David's body was refused burial in France. 15 00:01:37,207 --> 00:01:39,880 So, what was it about this painting 16 00:01:39,967 --> 00:01:46,486 which made it both his unforgettable masterpiece and his unforgivable crime? 17 00:02:22,887 --> 00:02:26,084 On the 19th September, 1783, 18 00:02:26,847 --> 00:02:31,125 an enormous taffeta spheroid wobbled its way unsteadily 19 00:02:31,207 --> 00:02:33,482 above the palace of Versailles. 20 00:02:35,247 --> 00:02:39,240 In the basket were a sheep, a duck and a rooster. 21 00:02:41,767 --> 00:02:45,396 When a violent gust of wind made a tear near the top of the balloon, 22 00:02:45,487 --> 00:02:48,524 there were fears for the barnyard aeronauts. 23 00:02:50,687 --> 00:02:55,522 In the end, though, the balloon survived and it was judged the animals had not suffered. 24 00:03:00,127 --> 00:03:03,437 This was, though, a major breach of protocol. 25 00:03:03,887 --> 00:03:07,323 Versailles had been built to control spectacle. 26 00:03:07,807 --> 00:03:11,595 That way, the mystery of absolutism was preserved. 27 00:03:16,047 --> 00:03:20,882 On the ground, it was still, to some extent, an aristocratic vision. 28 00:03:22,367 --> 00:03:25,564 In the air, it'd become democratic. 29 00:03:31,647 --> 00:03:34,320 In Paris, a more down-to-earth thrill. 30 00:03:38,207 --> 00:03:44,123 Beaumarchais'play, The Marriage of Figaro, is about to open after several government bans. 31 00:03:46,167 --> 00:03:51,685 The king had called it detestable. That guaranteed a crowd. 32 00:03:54,727 --> 00:03:55,921 No, monsieur. 33 00:03:56,967 --> 00:04:00,801 Because you are a great lord, you think you're a great genius? 34 00:04:01,287 --> 00:04:03,847 Nobility, rank, 35 00:04:03,927 --> 00:04:08,239 position, fortune, how proud they make a man feel. 36 00:04:08,727 --> 00:04:11,719 What have you done to deserve such advantages? 37 00:04:12,927 --> 00:04:17,523 Put yourself to the trouble of being born, nothing more. For the rest... 38 00:04:19,447 --> 00:04:21,563 ...you're a very ordinary man. 39 00:04:29,007 --> 00:04:33,523 There were no signs that the bravos died on the lips of the nobility, 40 00:04:33,607 --> 00:04:38,078 even as they began to realise the significance of the attack. 41 00:04:40,047 --> 00:04:42,481 Talk about signing your own death warrant. 42 00:04:42,567 --> 00:04:45,559 But then, how were they to know that, in under 10 years, 43 00:04:45,647 --> 00:04:50,118 they'd be on the receiving end of something far more wounding than words. 44 00:04:51,167 --> 00:04:53,681 Look, citizens, 45 00:04:54,807 --> 00:04:57,958 at the glorious destiny that awaits us. 46 00:04:59,487 --> 00:05:02,957 You have a whole nation to mobilise. 47 00:05:03,847 --> 00:05:04,916 No more... 48 00:05:05,007 --> 00:05:08,283 Still, the French Revolution could never have happened 49 00:05:08,367 --> 00:05:10,642 without this sense of theatre. 50 00:05:11,767 --> 00:05:17,683 Its great orators, like Danton, were performers, shamelessly playing to the gallery, 51 00:05:17,767 --> 00:05:20,645 milking the cheers and the hisses. 52 00:05:20,727 --> 00:05:23,082 Reason fights on your side, 53 00:05:23,167 --> 00:05:27,763 and you have not even begun to astonish the world. 54 00:05:29,207 --> 00:05:32,438 And if they were really going to create a new France, 55 00:05:32,527 --> 00:05:36,202 they needed someone to create images to go with the words. 56 00:05:40,807 --> 00:05:44,163 That someone was Jacques-Louis David. 57 00:05:44,887 --> 00:05:50,041 It was David who would give people the vision of what a true citizen was. 58 00:05:51,087 --> 00:05:56,923 His art, then, wasn't meant as gallery fodder. It was an entire way of life. 59 00:06:02,567 --> 00:06:03,841 Or death. 60 00:06:04,967 --> 00:06:09,597 I'm not sure how I feel about this painting, except deeply conflicted. 61 00:06:10,487 --> 00:06:12,921 Yes, it's tragically beautiful. 62 00:06:13,007 --> 00:06:18,718 But to say that is to separate it from the appalling moment of its creation. 63 00:06:20,527 --> 00:06:25,920 This is Jean-Paul Marat, the most paranoid of the Revolution's fanatics. 64 00:06:26,967 --> 00:06:29,481 He's been assassinated in his bath. 65 00:06:32,127 --> 00:06:37,440 Marat was someone for whom there could never be enough terror, never enough killing. 66 00:06:38,887 --> 00:06:42,846 But for David, Marat isn't a monster. He's a saint. 67 00:06:44,047 --> 00:06:48,325 This painting transforms Marat into a paragon of virtue. 68 00:06:49,367 --> 00:06:51,597 Breathtaking? For sure. 69 00:06:51,687 --> 00:06:54,520 But maybe also just a little mad. 70 00:07:00,327 --> 00:07:05,276 Which isn't to say that Jacques-Louis David was some sort of malevolent crackpot. 71 00:07:05,687 --> 00:07:09,316 All his life, he was really only looking for virtue. 72 00:07:11,127 --> 00:07:16,520 There was something painfully earnest about him, resolute, self-contained. 73 00:07:17,647 --> 00:07:19,524 One, two, three. 74 00:07:21,527 --> 00:07:24,325 Not surprising, really. When he was seven, 75 00:07:24,407 --> 00:07:28,639 his father, an iron merchant, had been killed in a pistol duel. 76 00:07:29,647 --> 00:07:32,798 Something iron must have entered the boy's soul. 77 00:07:35,167 --> 00:07:38,239 He was looked after by friendly uncles 78 00:07:38,327 --> 00:07:44,846 who wanted him to be a lawyer or an architect, but David would hear of nothing but painting. 79 00:07:45,607 --> 00:07:49,156 So the uncles sent him on to his mother's cousin, 80 00:07:49,247 --> 00:07:53,206 who just happened to be the most successful painter in France. 81 00:07:57,087 --> 00:08:02,400 Francois Boucher knew exactly what art was supposed to deliver for the nobility. 82 00:08:03,567 --> 00:08:07,446 The pinkest, flossiest eye candy imaginable, 83 00:08:07,527 --> 00:08:11,281 rosy bums romping on frothy pillows. 84 00:08:21,167 --> 00:08:24,796 But perhaps Boucher saw in the sober, young David 85 00:08:24,887 --> 00:08:29,119 someone for whom melting beauty was not going to be the point of art. 86 00:08:29,887 --> 00:08:32,355 So he sent him on to another master. 87 00:08:32,447 --> 00:08:36,201 But Boucher said to David, ''Come and see me from time to time, 88 00:08:36,287 --> 00:08:38,676 and I will teach you my warmth.'' 89 00:08:43,207 --> 00:08:48,076 But David would never be at home in the pleasure industry. He was a loner. 90 00:08:48,167 --> 00:08:53,082 Once he got involved in a swordfight, and took a vicious slash on his cheek. 91 00:08:55,127 --> 00:09:01,475 The wound grew into a benign tumour. That was the first thing anyone noticed about him. 92 00:09:02,687 --> 00:09:06,646 His enemies would call him, ''David with the swollen cheek. '' 93 00:09:15,407 --> 00:09:21,482 Accidents like this happened every day. Walk down any Paris street or into any salon, 94 00:09:21,567 --> 00:09:25,401 and you would have seen a rich gallery of the deformed and the disfigured. 95 00:09:25,487 --> 00:09:30,003 Terrible smallpox scars, club feet, harelips, the lot. 96 00:09:30,087 --> 00:09:35,207 But some accidents matter to people and some don't. This one did. 97 00:09:41,647 --> 00:09:45,526 David's disfigurement meant he couldn't talk properly. 98 00:09:47,007 --> 00:09:52,001 Few people could understand what he was saying, so he ended up not saying very much. 99 00:09:53,287 --> 00:09:57,405 When he did talk, he was painfully conscious of being a stammerer. 100 00:10:07,727 --> 00:10:12,755 If there was ever a moment in history when wit and banter really mattered, 101 00:10:12,847 --> 00:10:15,441 it was surely in 18th-century France. 102 00:10:15,807 --> 00:10:22,246 But David of the swollen cheek couldn't talk, he couldn't chat, he just mumbled. 103 00:10:26,527 --> 00:10:28,563 Maybe there was one consolation, 104 00:10:28,647 --> 00:10:33,926 for there was someone else who was famous for his handicaps in the wit department, 105 00:10:34,007 --> 00:10:36,237 and he happened to be the king. 106 00:10:41,047 --> 00:10:45,279 Louis XVI was born to worry about happiness. 107 00:10:46,527 --> 00:10:51,647 His grandfather, Louis XV, had designed Versailles around its pursuit. 108 00:10:51,727 --> 00:10:56,562 But for his young successor, happiness would always be hard work. 109 00:11:03,607 --> 00:11:08,920 When Louis came to the throne in 1775, he wanted the best for everyone, 110 00:11:09,687 --> 00:11:12,360 but he just didn't know how to get it. 111 00:11:15,607 --> 00:11:18,075 The saddest thing about Louis XVI 112 00:11:18,167 --> 00:11:22,957 was that the king who went down in history as the reactionary symbol of the old regime 113 00:11:23,047 --> 00:11:28,804 actually thought of himself as thoroughly modern, deeply into science and technology. 114 00:11:28,887 --> 00:11:31,321 Balloons? Couldn't get enough of them. 115 00:11:34,887 --> 00:11:41,076 His reign, which ended in catastrophe, began in a sunburst of giddy optimism, 116 00:11:42,247 --> 00:11:44,442 and a change in taste, too. 117 00:11:44,887 --> 00:11:49,961 Out went gold ormolu, in came modesty, the cult of nature. 118 00:11:56,167 --> 00:12:02,242 Even Louis XVI's young Austrian queen, Marie Antoinette, was a devotee. 119 00:12:02,847 --> 00:12:09,036 She built a toy farm here at Versailles, went off milking cows in the royal dairy. 120 00:12:10,167 --> 00:12:13,364 So, no more couches and courtesans. 121 00:12:13,447 --> 00:12:16,757 Instead, tenderness, simplicity. 122 00:12:22,967 --> 00:12:27,677 Tears were especially prized as evidence of feeling. 123 00:12:28,687 --> 00:12:31,076 Paintings like this went down well. 124 00:12:31,167 --> 00:12:35,479 Girl Weeping Over Dead Canary by Jean-Baptiste Greuze. 125 00:12:36,287 --> 00:12:38,482 People wept when they saw it. 126 00:12:46,727 --> 00:12:49,082 Feelings mattered to David, too, 127 00:12:49,167 --> 00:12:53,445 but not the shallow kind embraced by the fashionable elite. 128 00:12:59,727 --> 00:13:03,686 No, David was in search of something steelier. 129 00:13:09,447 --> 00:13:12,883 It was amidst the stones of Rome that he found it. 130 00:13:13,607 --> 00:13:17,600 Everything changed for David here. Not just what he thought about art, 131 00:13:17,687 --> 00:13:20,679 but what he thought about the future of his country. 132 00:13:23,887 --> 00:13:26,879 So what were the stones telling him? 133 00:13:27,367 --> 00:13:30,677 ''This is what happens to decadent empires, '' they said. 134 00:13:31,487 --> 00:13:35,002 Once there had been a free Rome, the Republic, 135 00:13:35,087 --> 00:13:39,922 austere,just, virile, packed with flinty heroes. 136 00:13:41,767 --> 00:13:44,406 But effeminate luxury had killed it. 137 00:13:45,087 --> 00:13:50,161 Liberty had surrendered to despotism and the Romans had become slaves. 138 00:13:52,167 --> 00:13:57,287 How that message from history echoed in David's fertile brain. 139 00:14:01,007 --> 00:14:05,046 And in 1785, David delivered that message, 140 00:14:05,127 --> 00:14:09,996 like a package of bad news for the complacent and the over-powdered. 141 00:14:12,327 --> 00:14:16,366 Welcome to the first public art show in the world, 142 00:14:16,447 --> 00:14:19,086 in the palace of the Louvre, no less. 143 00:14:19,167 --> 00:14:22,318 This wasn't always a hushed museum. 144 00:14:22,407 --> 00:14:28,721 Every two years, it staged the greatest public entertainment in Paris, and it was free. 145 00:14:34,727 --> 00:14:39,437 Word had got out there was something sensational to see. 146 00:14:40,247 --> 00:14:43,364 Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii. 147 00:14:45,687 --> 00:14:49,282 It's a painting about a country in crisis. 148 00:14:51,047 --> 00:14:54,198 To avoid war, the Romans have chosen three of their men 149 00:14:54,287 --> 00:14:58,803 to fight with three from the enemy. Last one standing wins. 150 00:15:00,887 --> 00:15:06,245 The cruel twist is that one of the Roman boys is married to an enemy girl. 151 00:15:08,327 --> 00:15:11,364 Widowhood and orphanhood beckon. 152 00:15:17,047 --> 00:15:20,881 But none of the men are paying the slightest attention to that. 153 00:15:20,967 --> 00:15:27,566 This is a boys' bonding picture, a tight-packed display of muscle, veins and steel. 154 00:15:27,927 --> 00:15:32,682 The only splash of colour is the blood red of that cape. 155 00:15:37,967 --> 00:15:42,085 The father solemnly swears them to conquer or die, 156 00:15:42,847 --> 00:15:45,680 his naked hand on the sharp blade. 157 00:16:11,487 --> 00:16:17,084 At least 60,000 people would have come to the exhibition to see this painting, 158 00:16:17,167 --> 00:16:21,240 and not just the bigwigs either, but shopkeepers, fishwives, 159 00:16:21,327 --> 00:16:23,921 the whole sweaty, growling public. 160 00:16:24,447 --> 00:16:26,642 They would be David's people. 161 00:16:30,687 --> 00:16:34,362 And they looked at that strange line dance of death, 162 00:16:34,447 --> 00:16:37,883 and they didn't know whether to be thrilled or scared. 163 00:16:42,647 --> 00:16:46,765 It felt like a call to arms in the face of a great crisis. 164 00:16:50,727 --> 00:16:56,006 And that crisis was happening not in ancient Rome, but here and now, 165 00:16:56,087 --> 00:16:58,317 in Louis XVI's France. 166 00:17:01,087 --> 00:17:05,922 It began, as so many revolutions do, with a financial meltdown. 167 00:17:06,927 --> 00:17:11,239 France had taken pride in helping America to win independence, 168 00:17:11,327 --> 00:17:14,239 but it had come at a huge cost. 169 00:17:16,887 --> 00:17:20,800 Avoiding bankruptcy meant more taxes. 170 00:17:23,927 --> 00:17:26,236 So, awkward questions were being asked 171 00:17:26,327 --> 00:17:30,366 about why the nobility and the clergy were tax-exempt, 172 00:17:30,447 --> 00:17:34,281 while the scarecrow poor were supposed to empty their pockets. 173 00:17:35,007 --> 00:17:37,726 Wasn't the nation all in it together? 174 00:17:40,167 --> 00:17:43,682 The nation? Well, that was a new idea. 175 00:17:43,767 --> 00:17:47,885 And while we're at it, how about elected representatives, too? 176 00:17:51,647 --> 00:17:56,163 Oh, it went without saying that the new France would still be a monarchy. 177 00:17:57,207 --> 00:18:00,244 The queen, with all those diamonds, needed putting in her place, 178 00:18:00,327 --> 00:18:02,602 but the king was a good fellow. 179 00:18:05,087 --> 00:18:09,763 No reason to assume a social apocalypse around the corner. 180 00:18:21,927 --> 00:18:28,685 For a while, that's how David himself felt, which didn't mean a little reform wouldn't help. 181 00:18:28,767 --> 00:18:30,837 There was a lot of deadwood around. 182 00:18:30,927 --> 00:18:36,604 For a start, those non-entities at the Academy of Painting, they'd have to go. 183 00:18:37,087 --> 00:18:41,638 When he was a struggling artist, they'd rejected him four times. 184 00:18:41,727 --> 00:18:45,515 Now he was successful, they barely tolerated him. 185 00:18:45,607 --> 00:18:50,317 Well, their time was up. Anyway, he didn't need them any more. 186 00:18:50,407 --> 00:18:53,604 Now he had intelligent, liberal-minded followers. 187 00:19:03,287 --> 00:19:08,315 Here are two of those good eggs, rich, smart and affable. 188 00:19:08,407 --> 00:19:13,401 Mr and Mrs Charming, Antoine and Marie-Anne Lavoisier. 189 00:19:14,327 --> 00:19:16,887 He is a famous experimental chemist. 190 00:19:17,407 --> 00:19:21,036 That flask on the floor is for measuring gases. 191 00:19:22,727 --> 00:19:26,686 Marie-Anne, who'd married him at 13, was more than a wife. 192 00:19:27,207 --> 00:19:31,883 That casual hand on his shoulder tells us she was a true partner, 193 00:19:32,527 --> 00:19:38,045 translating articles from English for him, designing illustrations for his books. 194 00:19:42,487 --> 00:19:46,719 He's filthy rich, but he does have a social conscience. 195 00:19:46,807 --> 00:19:50,436 A lot of his money has been put into draining swamps 196 00:19:50,527 --> 00:19:53,599 to eradicate malaria, that sort of thing. 197 00:19:56,207 --> 00:19:59,722 To look at the portrait, you'd think David has captured a vision 198 00:19:59,807 --> 00:20:03,277 of the kind of people who ought to be governing France, 199 00:20:03,607 --> 00:20:06,440 humane, affectionate and modern. 200 00:20:07,607 --> 00:20:13,443 Well, for 7,000 livres, he wasn't even going to hint at the other Lavoisier, 201 00:20:13,727 --> 00:20:18,403 the one who made money collecting taxes with the help of a private army. 202 00:20:19,527 --> 00:20:25,477 No, David took his fee, but when the time came for him to show the painting at the Louvre, 203 00:20:25,567 --> 00:20:30,243 he ended up withdrawing it. But then he would, wouldn't he? 204 00:20:31,247 --> 00:20:36,879 Between the paint drying and the show opening, everything in France had changed. 205 00:20:38,087 --> 00:20:39,884 It was 1789. 206 00:20:46,407 --> 00:20:49,160 Hope and desperation in equal parts. 207 00:20:50,687 --> 00:20:53,326 Hope from a representative assembly, 208 00:20:53,607 --> 00:20:58,601 the Estate's General elected from thousands of meetings all over France. 209 00:21:03,167 --> 00:21:08,525 But desperation too, because it was happening at the worst possible time. 210 00:21:09,447 --> 00:21:12,644 Harvest wipeouts, soaring prices. 211 00:21:15,007 --> 00:21:18,966 Put hope and desperation together, and what do you get? 212 00:21:19,887 --> 00:21:22,959 The political equivalent of nitroglycerine. 213 00:21:29,247 --> 00:21:35,004 When the Estate's General met here in Versailles, in the spring of 1789, 214 00:21:35,447 --> 00:21:40,396 it all boiled down to one question. Would the deputies do it the old way, 215 00:21:40,487 --> 00:21:43,081 meeting as three separate orders, 216 00:21:43,167 --> 00:21:48,195 nobles, clergy and commoners, or would they do it the new way, 217 00:21:48,287 --> 00:21:52,917 and for the first time come together as a single national assembly? 218 00:21:56,607 --> 00:22:00,646 The commoners, among them a young lawyer, Maximilien Robespierre, 219 00:22:00,727 --> 00:22:02,001 forced the issue, 220 00:22:02,087 --> 00:22:05,523 declaring themselves the only legitimate body, 221 00:22:05,607 --> 00:22:09,043 priests and nobles welcome to join. 222 00:22:09,807 --> 00:22:12,162 A surprising number of them did. 223 00:22:20,087 --> 00:22:24,046 It's the 20th June, 1789, 224 00:22:24,127 --> 00:22:28,359 and it's one of those late-spring torrential downpours. 225 00:22:28,447 --> 00:22:32,679 And the 600 deputies of the Third Estate, the commoners, 226 00:22:32,767 --> 00:22:36,123 plus their new allies among the nobles and the clergy, 227 00:22:36,207 --> 00:22:39,722 have been locked out of their meeting hall. 228 00:22:39,807 --> 00:22:44,722 A certain Doctor Guillotin knows a tennis court quite close by. 229 00:22:47,247 --> 00:22:52,116 The mayor of Paris, Sylvain Bailly, is suddenly the star of the show. 230 00:22:52,727 --> 00:22:57,039 Swear an oath to God and the fatherland never to separate, 231 00:22:57,127 --> 00:23:00,278 until we have made a sound and just constitution. 232 00:23:07,407 --> 00:23:12,845 For the first time, aristocrats, clergy and bourgeoisie were meeting together 233 00:23:12,927 --> 00:23:15,202 without the king's permission. 234 00:23:18,167 --> 00:23:23,480 Arms stretch, bodies embrace, life had caught up with art. 235 00:23:25,807 --> 00:23:29,880 David's Rome reborn was the new France. 236 00:23:36,647 --> 00:23:41,516 A year later, David got to work on his depiction of the Tennis Court Oath. 237 00:23:42,567 --> 00:23:46,640 It's a picture filled with noise. The roar of the oath. 238 00:23:46,727 --> 00:23:49,844 The crash of a great electrical storm. 239 00:23:51,367 --> 00:23:55,679 The Revolution as an unstoppable force of nature. 240 00:24:00,287 --> 00:24:03,882 And at the centre of it all, an enormous space. 241 00:24:04,847 --> 00:24:07,680 Except it's not empty at all. 242 00:24:07,767 --> 00:24:13,364 It's filled with light and rushing wind, the furious energy of liberty. 243 00:24:13,967 --> 00:24:15,639 It's an idea. 244 00:24:15,727 --> 00:24:20,164 An idea so big, it dwarfs the humans who enact it. 245 00:24:37,127 --> 00:24:41,086 The drawing was supposed to be turned into a huge painting. 246 00:24:41,167 --> 00:24:46,958 This is just a small section of it. But as you can see, it was never finished. 247 00:24:47,047 --> 00:24:51,518 Before David even had a chance to put clothes on these nude models, 248 00:24:51,607 --> 00:24:54,758 many of them would be dead or disgraced. 249 00:24:58,607 --> 00:25:03,886 The great message of unity and freedom would soon be quaintly out of date. 250 00:25:05,007 --> 00:25:10,206 Instead of arms outstretched, there was an epidemic of finger-pointing. 251 00:25:14,767 --> 00:25:20,717 July 1789 ought to have been a moment of golden optimism for the reborn France. 252 00:25:21,607 --> 00:25:27,318 Louis XVI seemed finally to have accepted the results of the Tennis Court Oath, 253 00:25:27,407 --> 00:25:30,797 that there was now a National Assembly in France. 254 00:25:30,887 --> 00:25:34,323 But here in the Palais Royale, the Speaker's Corner of Paris, 255 00:25:34,407 --> 00:25:36,238 nobody actually believed him. 256 00:25:36,327 --> 00:25:42,562 People said the king had secretly stocked the fortress of the Bastille with gunpowder, 257 00:25:42,647 --> 00:25:47,277 so Paris was literally a powder keg waiting to happen. 258 00:26:00,327 --> 00:26:07,244 On the morning of July 14th, a crowd of about 900 converged on the grim fortress. 259 00:26:10,247 --> 00:26:16,117 It's always the same, isn't it? Someone panics, there's a first shot. No one knows from where. 260 00:26:16,527 --> 00:26:18,722 Cries of ''Massacre!'' 261 00:26:18,807 --> 00:26:21,844 Then, a serious exchange of fire. 262 00:26:24,567 --> 00:26:30,563 It took an afternoon of chaos and 83 lives before the governor yielded the Bastille. 263 00:26:32,287 --> 00:26:34,847 He was promised safe conduct. 264 00:26:34,927 --> 00:26:39,079 What he got was his head cut off with a fruit knife. 265 00:26:46,247 --> 00:26:50,763 But then, whoever said revolutions were going to be bloodless? 266 00:27:01,287 --> 00:27:05,917 Here's David's contribution to the decapitation campaign. 267 00:27:06,727 --> 00:27:09,321 It's the darkest thing he ever did. 268 00:27:12,087 --> 00:27:14,840 It's a Roman father again. 269 00:27:15,007 --> 00:27:16,963 Brutus, brooding in the darkness, 270 00:27:17,047 --> 00:27:22,599 has ordered the execution of his sons, for plotting to bring back the monarchy. 271 00:27:23,807 --> 00:27:28,517 Their headless bodies are brought to him, and he literally doesn't look back. 272 00:27:35,767 --> 00:27:40,397 Only that right foot is a sign of his repressed emotion. 273 00:27:44,687 --> 00:27:47,565 Brutus has gone to the dark side. 274 00:27:50,127 --> 00:27:55,565 Light floods the boys' mother, who sees only her headless children. 275 00:27:58,567 --> 00:28:01,001 You feel the tug of the heart. 276 00:28:15,887 --> 00:28:20,403 There's something chilling about this painting, like all David's great pictures. 277 00:28:20,487 --> 00:28:25,720 Even as you marvel at its brilliance, your blood runs cold at what it's saying. 278 00:28:26,047 --> 00:28:28,845 Look what's at the dead centre of the picture, 279 00:28:28,927 --> 00:28:34,923 a pair of sharp scissors, the hard, cold metal that's cut the family ties. 280 00:28:38,047 --> 00:28:40,959 David seems to have a thing about blades. 281 00:28:41,047 --> 00:28:44,801 They've marked his face and now they've marked his mind. 282 00:28:50,727 --> 00:28:54,515 From father to fatherland is but a short step. 283 00:28:55,607 --> 00:29:02,046 The first two years of the Revolution swung wildly from mass euphoria to paranoia, 284 00:29:04,087 --> 00:29:09,366 orgies of public hugging, spasms of vindictive lynching. 285 00:29:41,327 --> 00:29:45,525 Why the anger? Because people were still hungry. 286 00:29:45,607 --> 00:29:48,405 Bread prices had gone through the roof, 287 00:29:48,487 --> 00:29:51,797 and people had discovered you couldn't eat votes. 288 00:29:51,887 --> 00:29:54,196 Someone was to blame. 289 00:29:58,287 --> 00:30:02,917 ''The baker and the baker's wife', the jeering market women called them, 290 00:30:03,007 --> 00:30:08,798 as they dragged Louis and Marie Antoinette out of the safety of Versailles, to Paris. 291 00:30:10,887 --> 00:30:15,119 The queen, they said, was no better than an Austrian whore. 292 00:30:15,687 --> 00:30:17,723 David thought the same. 293 00:30:17,847 --> 00:30:22,921 ''The rioters should have strangled her, cut the carcass to pieces, ''he wrote. 294 00:30:26,647 --> 00:30:31,357 He was at this time an odd mix of dogma and uncertainty. 295 00:30:31,967 --> 00:30:35,755 Like millions of his countrymen, he thought the queen was a monster, 296 00:30:35,847 --> 00:30:40,045 but he hadn't given up on the idea of Louis as citizen king. 297 00:30:40,127 --> 00:30:43,005 He even signed up to do a portrait of him. 298 00:30:44,247 --> 00:30:48,160 So he was still very much a political ingénue, 299 00:30:48,247 --> 00:30:51,717 until, that is, he met the likes of him. 300 00:30:55,207 --> 00:31:01,806 Jean-Paul Marat, balloonist, failed inventor, newspaper editor, fanatic. 301 00:31:03,767 --> 00:31:05,485 Here he is in his bath, 302 00:31:05,567 --> 00:31:11,164 the only place he could get respite from the excruciatingly itchy skin disease 303 00:31:11,287 --> 00:31:13,960 that left him raw and scaly. 304 00:31:14,847 --> 00:31:17,805 Marat played on hysteria like a drum. 305 00:31:18,207 --> 00:31:23,122 His paper, The Friend of the People, yelled and cursed and denounced, 306 00:31:23,207 --> 00:31:28,361 ripping off the masks of false patriots whom he fingered as traitors. 307 00:31:29,527 --> 00:31:32,405 ''There are plots everywhere, ''he screamed. 308 00:31:37,007 --> 00:31:42,639 The street, caught between fear and hyperventilation, ate up the conspiracy theories. 309 00:31:43,127 --> 00:31:46,199 Marie Antoinette, malevolent slut, 310 00:31:46,287 --> 00:31:50,280 plotting with her brother, the Emperor of Austria, against France. 311 00:31:51,287 --> 00:31:52,606 Imagine. 312 00:31:55,327 --> 00:31:57,636 Except it was true. 313 00:31:57,727 --> 00:32:02,721 In June, 1791 , the royal couple was caught in their escape bid 314 00:32:02,807 --> 00:32:06,482 and taken back, virtual prisoners, to Paris. 315 00:32:08,647 --> 00:32:15,120 Austria threatened France with dire consequences should anything happen to the king and queen. 316 00:32:15,607 --> 00:32:19,566 Now, the royal couple seem like the enemy within. 317 00:32:22,327 --> 00:32:25,364 The following year, war broke out, 318 00:32:26,127 --> 00:32:30,359 and their days, and the days of the French monarchy, were numbered. 319 00:32:39,167 --> 00:32:44,685 Now, fighting for France meant fighting against royalty. 320 00:32:52,167 --> 00:32:56,797 Five days after the war started, in April, 1792, 321 00:32:56,927 --> 00:33:01,318 there was a dinner in the garrison town of Strasbourg, near the front. 322 00:33:02,047 --> 00:33:05,960 The idea was to boost the shaky morale of the army. 323 00:33:06,087 --> 00:33:09,557 So, there were toasts, there were speeches. 324 00:33:09,647 --> 00:33:14,198 ''Long live liberty'', ''Death to tyrants'', the usual thing. 325 00:33:14,687 --> 00:33:17,326 What was missing, though, was a good song 326 00:33:17,407 --> 00:33:21,923 that would send a surge of self-belief right through the camp. 327 00:33:22,607 --> 00:33:28,159 It was Rouget de Lisle, regimental engineer and part-time composer, 328 00:33:28,247 --> 00:33:31,080 who came up with that song. 329 00:34:17,887 --> 00:34:21,004 You belong to something glorious now. 330 00:34:21,087 --> 00:34:24,204 You belong to the Patrie, the fatherland. 331 00:34:30,647 --> 00:34:31,636 MAN: Everything is in motion. 332 00:34:31,727 --> 00:34:36,278 Everyone burns to fight. To conquer our enemies, 333 00:34:37,567 --> 00:34:44,245 we must have daring, more daring, always daring. And France will be saved! 334 00:34:52,247 --> 00:34:57,879 In August, 1792, the guards protecting the royal family were slaughtered, 335 00:34:59,167 --> 00:35:03,718 Louis, Marie Antoinette and their children were taken to prison. 336 00:35:11,967 --> 00:35:17,485 One must never compromise with tyrants. One can only strike at kings through the head. 337 00:35:17,567 --> 00:35:19,683 I vote for death of the tyrant. 338 00:35:25,847 --> 00:35:28,486 You're a very ordinary man. 339 00:35:32,847 --> 00:35:39,116 On January 21st, 1793, Louis XVI was executed. 340 00:35:45,727 --> 00:35:49,197 Among those in the newly formed National Convention 341 00:35:49,287 --> 00:35:51,403 who voted for the death of the monarch, 342 00:35:51,487 --> 00:35:54,877 was the artist who'd once taken commissions from him, 343 00:35:54,967 --> 00:35:57,322 Jacques-Louis David. 344 00:36:24,647 --> 00:36:27,798 So France had been reborn as a republic, 345 00:36:27,887 --> 00:36:30,003 and David, now a model citizen, 346 00:36:30,087 --> 00:36:34,365 sat proudly on the benches of the convention as MP for Paris, 347 00:36:34,447 --> 00:36:38,235 along with his political idols, Marat and Robespierre. 348 00:36:43,407 --> 00:36:45,284 There was no going back. 349 00:36:45,367 --> 00:36:49,645 From now on, David and his art belonged to the Revolution. 350 00:36:51,967 --> 00:36:54,606 Wherever it lead, he would follow, 351 00:36:54,687 --> 00:36:57,645 and where it lead was dictatorship. 352 00:37:01,127 --> 00:37:06,247 The country was at war, its enemies were outside and inside France. 353 00:37:07,207 --> 00:37:10,040 This was no time for tender feelings. 354 00:37:13,327 --> 00:37:16,717 Countless people who had thought of themselves as friends, 355 00:37:16,807 --> 00:37:21,164 not enemies, of the Revolution, were fingered and denounced. 356 00:37:26,407 --> 00:37:30,844 Among the first to be arrested were his old friends and patrons, 357 00:37:30,927 --> 00:37:33,487 Antoine and Marie-Anne Lavoisier. 358 00:37:36,007 --> 00:37:38,567 She survived the guillotine, 359 00:37:39,167 --> 00:37:40,805 he didn't. 360 00:37:50,407 --> 00:37:55,879 For Marat and Robespierre, there could never be enough guillotined heads to feel safe. 361 00:37:56,887 --> 00:38:01,039 In 1789, Marat had called for a few hundred. 362 00:38:01,127 --> 00:38:04,597 Now, he called for hundreds of thousands. 363 00:38:14,727 --> 00:38:19,323 Someone had to stop it, and that someone was Charlotte Corday, 364 00:38:19,447 --> 00:38:23,076 25 years old, from the town of Caen in Normandy. 365 00:38:24,527 --> 00:38:27,678 No royalist. A revolutionary, in fact. 366 00:38:28,247 --> 00:38:31,523 But a bitter enemy of Marat and his followers. 367 00:38:33,487 --> 00:38:38,641 The dictatorship, she thought, had made a mockery of the Republic of Liberty. 368 00:38:42,087 --> 00:38:47,764 She cast herself as a tragic heroine whose destiny was to save her country. 369 00:38:51,247 --> 00:38:57,880 On the 9th July, 1793, Charlotte Corday got on a coach bound for Paris. 370 00:39:03,647 --> 00:39:07,322 When she arrived, she came here to the Palais Royale, 371 00:39:07,407 --> 00:39:11,923 bought a black hat with green feathers and a six-inch knife. 372 00:39:16,807 --> 00:39:19,560 In a cheap hotel room, she wrote a speech 373 00:39:19,647 --> 00:39:24,038 explaining why she had to kill Marat and sewed it to her dress, 374 00:39:24,127 --> 00:39:27,005 along with her certificate of baptism. 375 00:39:35,567 --> 00:39:38,206 And as Corday was planning the murder, 376 00:39:38,287 --> 00:39:41,723 David was paying his friend Marat a visit. 377 00:39:42,327 --> 00:39:44,841 He found him propped up in his bath, 378 00:39:44,927 --> 00:39:49,523 using an upturned wooden box as an improvised desk. 379 00:39:51,167 --> 00:39:55,683 So little time, so many traitors to denounce. 380 00:39:59,247 --> 00:40:03,399 Did the Friend of the People ever rest from his patriotic toil? 381 00:40:07,727 --> 00:40:13,165 The next day, Charlotte Corday walked over to Marat's house on the rue des Cordeliers. 382 00:40:13,247 --> 00:40:18,958 Barred at the door, she tried delivering a handwritten note warning him about plots, 383 00:40:19,047 --> 00:40:23,245 hoping he was gonna rise to the bait. No reply. 384 00:40:26,767 --> 00:40:29,520 That evening, she tried again. 385 00:40:30,287 --> 00:40:35,077 As she arrived, two men were delivering bread and newspapers. 386 00:40:36,167 --> 00:40:38,078 She was in. 387 00:40:41,087 --> 00:40:46,559 Corday pretended she was an informer and gave Marat a list of traitors. 388 00:40:48,127 --> 00:40:51,483 ''I will have them guillotined in a week'', he said. 389 00:40:54,527 --> 00:40:56,358 And that was it. 390 00:40:57,167 --> 00:41:01,922 Out came the knife, straight into Marat's chest. 391 00:41:11,847 --> 00:41:16,204 So the Friend of the People was lost to the Revolution. 392 00:41:16,767 --> 00:41:21,921 Inside the National Convention, grief-stricken deputies cried their eyes out, 393 00:41:22,007 --> 00:41:23,918 authentically or not. 394 00:41:24,487 --> 00:41:28,878 What they most wanted, I think, was for Marat to come back to them. 395 00:41:28,967 --> 00:41:33,722 ''Come back, come back. We need you, all of France needs you.'' 396 00:41:34,327 --> 00:41:40,516 And then one of the most theatrical deputies rose to his feet and shouted, 397 00:41:40,647 --> 00:41:45,198 ''David, where are you? There is one more job for you.'' 398 00:41:49,727 --> 00:41:54,562 And David of the swollen cheek miraculously found his voice. 399 00:41:55,087 --> 00:41:56,202 I shall do it. 400 00:41:56,287 --> 00:41:57,925 ''I shall do it, ''he said. 401 00:42:00,087 --> 00:42:02,282 ''I will paint Marat. '' 402 00:42:17,727 --> 00:42:21,515 It was midsummer, the hottest in anyone's memory. 403 00:42:24,767 --> 00:42:29,238 The embalmers, under David's direction, were working overtime, 404 00:42:29,327 --> 00:42:32,160 preparing Marat's body for the funeral. 405 00:42:33,447 --> 00:42:38,282 But his normally ghastly red-flesh colour was rapidly turning green. 406 00:42:43,247 --> 00:42:49,277 David had wanted Marat displayed sitting upright, working for the good of the people. 407 00:42:49,967 --> 00:42:53,721 But the decomposing corpse refused to co-operate. 408 00:42:54,847 --> 00:43:01,320 Drenched in perfume, it had to be laid flat out for the grieving public to file past. 409 00:43:17,487 --> 00:43:21,526 The funeral would inevitably fade in people's memory. 410 00:43:22,087 --> 00:43:24,885 The painting, though, would never fade. 411 00:43:30,967 --> 00:43:33,686 It was Marat's best revenge, 412 00:43:33,767 --> 00:43:37,840 for it would make sure that he would always be around. 413 00:43:43,887 --> 00:43:50,520 Here was someone transfigured by goodness, honesty and patriotic selflessness. 414 00:43:51,847 --> 00:43:57,638 ''Look upon him,'' David is saying, ''And you will see the highest type of humanity.'' 415 00:44:11,367 --> 00:44:13,597 He's cleaned Marat up, of course. 416 00:44:13,687 --> 00:44:17,282 The skin has the colour of cool stone, 417 00:44:18,607 --> 00:44:24,045 the wound is unmissable, yet at the same time almost delicate, 418 00:44:24,127 --> 00:44:27,836 like the incision in the side of Christ on the cross. 419 00:44:31,447 --> 00:44:34,439 The white sheets seem shroud-like, 420 00:44:34,527 --> 00:44:40,523 ghostly wrappings of the great man as he hovers between our world and posterity. 421 00:44:46,567 --> 00:44:49,320 It's a cult image, 422 00:44:49,407 --> 00:44:52,240 and it tells you to believe. 423 00:44:59,687 --> 00:45:05,080 Its genius lies in the fact that it's also a story for the people. 424 00:45:05,167 --> 00:45:08,637 For once, the hero isn't Roman, he's one of them. 425 00:45:08,727 --> 00:45:12,083 It's the first great work for the faces in the crowd, 426 00:45:12,167 --> 00:45:14,601 the singers of the Marseillaise. 427 00:45:14,687 --> 00:45:20,159 You can almost feel David imagining whole families in front of this painting, 428 00:45:20,247 --> 00:45:24,718 a father saying to his children, ''Look, there's his inkwell." 429 00:45:24,807 --> 00:45:31,121 ''Look, there's the letter of the wicked Corday, stained with the blood of the good Marat.'' 430 00:45:35,527 --> 00:45:40,647 But David is not showing the letter that got Corday into Marat's house, 431 00:45:40,727 --> 00:45:42,957 the one with the list of traitors. 432 00:45:43,367 --> 00:45:45,085 It's a different letter. 433 00:45:45,167 --> 00:45:49,445 One that would make Marat seem like a victim of his own kindness. 434 00:45:51,087 --> 00:45:57,435 ''It's enough that I am truly unhappy to have the right to your benevolence, '' it says. 435 00:45:59,407 --> 00:46:05,642 On top of the box is another letter, from the widow of a soldier fallen in battle. 436 00:46:05,727 --> 00:46:09,925 With it is a donation Marat is about to send her. 437 00:46:11,327 --> 00:46:15,479 Two women, then, the good mother and the bad Corday. 438 00:46:18,727 --> 00:46:22,242 There's no attempt to give a sense of Marat's room here. 439 00:46:22,367 --> 00:46:26,679 No crossed pistols hanging on the wall, no fake columns. 440 00:46:27,727 --> 00:46:33,643 Instead, the entire top half of the painting is filled with loose, feathery strokes 441 00:46:33,727 --> 00:46:37,845 that could be wall or just indeterminate space. 442 00:46:39,727 --> 00:46:41,877 The space of forever. 443 00:46:48,807 --> 00:46:52,800 But then that box, grainy, solid. 444 00:46:54,327 --> 00:46:59,765 ''He was one of you, '' the box says. ''One of the poor and suffering. 445 00:47:03,007 --> 00:47:04,998 ''But now you can't reach him. 446 00:47:05,087 --> 00:47:09,126 ''No one can, except through this. '' 447 00:47:15,647 --> 00:47:18,286 But even while you're held spellbound, 448 00:47:18,367 --> 00:47:21,757 another voice inside your head says, ''Hold on a minute," 449 00:47:21,847 --> 00:47:24,281 ''this is the purest witchcraft.'' 450 00:47:24,447 --> 00:47:28,963 What David has done here is to glorify a paranoid, 451 00:47:29,047 --> 00:47:33,484 whose greatest satisfaction was the persecution of thousands of people 452 00:47:33,567 --> 00:47:38,482 whose only crime was to be lukewarm about politics. 453 00:47:38,567 --> 00:47:41,639 This is an accomplice of terror. 454 00:48:01,247 --> 00:48:05,923 Of course, it never occurred to David that he was betraying art. 455 00:48:06,007 --> 00:48:11,035 ''Oh, no,'' he would have said. ''I'm fulfilling its highest, noblest purpose," 456 00:48:11,607 --> 00:48:14,280 ''that of moral re-education." 457 00:48:20,367 --> 00:48:24,485 ''That's what all those altarpieces that once hung in churches did," 458 00:48:25,207 --> 00:48:29,598 ''but those were all lies and fairytales." 459 00:48:33,327 --> 00:48:37,878 ''We have a new church now, the church of revolutionary virtue. '' 460 00:48:42,407 --> 00:48:45,001 So why do I like David? 461 00:48:45,087 --> 00:48:47,806 Well, I don't. He's a monster. 462 00:48:47,887 --> 00:48:51,436 But he makes ideas blaze in dry ice. 463 00:48:51,527 --> 00:48:55,839 He is a fantastic propagandist, no one better. 464 00:48:55,927 --> 00:48:59,840 Albert Speer could just as well roll over and die. 465 00:49:03,647 --> 00:49:05,797 And what was the point of it all? 466 00:49:05,887 --> 00:49:10,677 Well, it's a revenge on wit, on chat and on banter. 467 00:49:12,247 --> 00:49:14,078 But it was more than that. 468 00:49:14,167 --> 00:49:19,321 This is art designed to make those who saw it virtuous citizens. 469 00:49:22,647 --> 00:49:29,280 And it's all so perfect, so tragic, so poetic you almost believe it. 470 00:49:31,487 --> 00:49:35,526 But like a lot of art designed to improve humanity, 471 00:49:35,607 --> 00:49:37,882 it has the opposite effect. 472 00:49:40,527 --> 00:49:42,836 Because it's a lie. 473 00:50:00,767 --> 00:50:03,964 Three months after the assassination of Marat, 474 00:50:04,047 --> 00:50:09,758 on October 16th, 1793, Marie Antoinette went to the guillotine. 475 00:50:11,087 --> 00:50:14,397 David saw her tumbrel going down the street, 476 00:50:14,527 --> 00:50:16,802 while people spat in their hands 477 00:50:16,887 --> 00:50:21,483 and tried to throw the gobs on the woman who'd been queen. 478 00:50:22,327 --> 00:50:24,921 He sketched her impassively. 479 00:50:31,847 --> 00:50:37,319 But David's got more important things on his mind than the fate of Marie Antoinette. 480 00:50:37,407 --> 00:50:41,798 He's now the official director of revolutionary propaganda, 481 00:50:42,207 --> 00:50:45,882 to the exclusion of practically everything else. 482 00:50:48,087 --> 00:50:52,444 When his wife disapproved of his zeal, he divorced her. 483 00:50:56,367 --> 00:51:01,919 David has become an enforcer, sitting on the Committee for General Security, 484 00:51:02,007 --> 00:51:07,843 hunting down the treacherously half-hearted, signing warrants for their execution. 485 00:51:24,087 --> 00:51:26,203 The terror had begun, 486 00:51:26,287 --> 00:51:30,724 and David had become part of the great engine of killing. 487 00:51:34,127 --> 00:51:37,881 And as the tempo of the guillotine got faster, 488 00:51:38,247 --> 00:51:44,482 David busied himself with ever more extravagant spectacles to educate the people. 489 00:51:46,247 --> 00:51:52,516 Casts of thousands, massed singing virgins, statues on the site of the Bastille. 490 00:51:53,687 --> 00:51:57,123 A festival of the supreme being, 491 00:51:57,207 --> 00:52:02,281 starring the high priest of the Revolution, Maximilien Robespierre. 492 00:52:06,247 --> 00:52:10,206 In the end, David was a victim of his own success. 493 00:52:10,287 --> 00:52:14,997 The hard-nosed men who were running the war knew that bread and guns mattered, 494 00:52:15,087 --> 00:52:17,601 and virgins and doves didn't. 495 00:52:17,687 --> 00:52:22,317 So David wasn't just a distraction, he was a menace. Get rid of him. 496 00:52:25,927 --> 00:52:31,399 And David's downfall was inextricably linked to the fate of Robespierre. 497 00:52:32,367 --> 00:52:35,086 Increasingly, Robespierre was spoken of 498 00:52:35,167 --> 00:52:39,445 not as saviour of the Revolution, but tyrant, 499 00:52:39,527 --> 00:52:45,159 and David, the window-dresser of his tyranny, was going down with him. 500 00:52:46,487 --> 00:52:52,960 Robespierre was attacked in the Convention, the dreaded words ''outside the law'' uttered. 501 00:52:55,087 --> 00:52:59,239 Incredulous, David made a spectacle of himself. 502 00:52:59,327 --> 00:53:01,238 ''Robespierre,'' he shouted. 503 00:53:01,327 --> 00:53:05,036 ''If you drink the hemlock, I will drink it with you. '' 504 00:53:08,327 --> 00:53:10,204 But of course, he didn't. 505 00:53:10,727 --> 00:53:17,200 The next day, David was suddenly indisposed, so he missed his own date with martyrdom. 506 00:53:17,287 --> 00:53:20,836 He was not there beside Robespierre when he was guillotined 507 00:53:20,927 --> 00:53:24,283 and the blade at last came down on the terror. 508 00:53:24,767 --> 00:53:27,645 But they came for David, nonetheless. 509 00:53:31,847 --> 00:53:37,399 Vilified as tyrant of the arts, David tried to stammer a defence. 510 00:53:38,167 --> 00:53:43,764 No one could understand what he was saying, but they noticed how pale he was, 511 00:53:44,887 --> 00:53:49,756 how the sweat ran through his clothes and dripped onto the floor. 512 00:53:54,967 --> 00:54:00,644 In prison, he managed to get hold of some paints and he painted this self-portrait. 513 00:54:02,167 --> 00:54:07,560 You can see the famous tumour and the twist it gives to his face, 514 00:54:07,647 --> 00:54:10,605 but that's as far as the truth goes. 515 00:54:11,407 --> 00:54:16,083 Because what we're seeing is not the old propaganda master, that's for sure, 516 00:54:16,327 --> 00:54:20,115 but young David, 20 years at least taken off, 517 00:54:20,967 --> 00:54:24,926 all innocent, hair romantically dishevelled, 518 00:54:25,487 --> 00:54:30,561 coat open to expose his pure, transparent heart. 519 00:54:32,247 --> 00:54:35,876 And he's done himself with palette and brushes. 520 00:54:36,767 --> 00:54:38,678 ''Why me?'' it says. 521 00:54:38,767 --> 00:54:40,439 ''I'm just a painter. '' 522 00:54:47,007 --> 00:54:48,963 Yeah, right. 523 00:54:49,047 --> 00:54:52,562 Led astray, were you? Just doing your job? 524 00:54:52,647 --> 00:54:54,524 I don't think so. 525 00:54:59,487 --> 00:55:03,480 But guess what? The art plea worked. 526 00:55:04,087 --> 00:55:05,839 David got out of prison, 527 00:55:05,927 --> 00:55:12,321 and spent the next years doing spectacular, uncontroversial portraits like this. 528 00:55:13,327 --> 00:55:16,444 Monsieur Seriziat, his brother-in-law. 529 00:55:18,007 --> 00:55:22,398 This is what the Revolution of the virtuous had become, 530 00:55:22,887 --> 00:55:27,563 the Republican tricolour reduced to a fashion accessory. 531 00:55:29,447 --> 00:55:33,599 When he does do history paintings, they're pleas to stop killing. 532 00:55:34,887 --> 00:55:39,483 No more politics, then, for Jacques-Louis David, right? 533 00:55:48,287 --> 00:55:49,879 Wrong. 534 00:55:49,967 --> 00:55:52,765 The old demon never really goes away. 535 00:55:53,927 --> 00:55:57,237 Once bitten by power, you stay bitten. 536 00:55:57,727 --> 00:56:03,882 He airbrushed Marat, why shouldn't he airbrush Napoleon? 537 00:56:14,087 --> 00:56:18,126 When Napoleon was crowned emperor in 1805, 538 00:56:18,207 --> 00:56:23,156 David was slavishly at his side, official glamoriser. 539 00:56:25,167 --> 00:56:29,843 But then, of course, Napoleon was defeated, the monarchy restored. 540 00:56:31,407 --> 00:56:34,160 Lots of Napoleon-lovers were forgiven, 541 00:56:36,567 --> 00:56:38,364 but not David. 542 00:56:41,847 --> 00:56:45,396 He'd done something that could never be forgiven. 543 00:56:47,767 --> 00:56:50,201 He'd done this, 544 00:56:50,287 --> 00:56:54,121 the most notorious image produced by the terror. 545 00:56:59,687 --> 00:57:03,600 France had had enough of Jacques-Louis David. 546 00:57:09,407 --> 00:57:14,083 Banished from his own country, David ended up here in Brussels, 547 00:57:14,167 --> 00:57:18,877 where he did paintings of increasingly high-gloss weirdness, 548 00:57:18,967 --> 00:57:22,118 a big fish in a very small pond. 549 00:57:23,007 --> 00:57:26,886 In France, they mostly talked about him as a back number, 550 00:57:26,967 --> 00:57:30,676 ''Oh, David, Brutus and all that. Isn't he dead?'' 551 00:57:33,807 --> 00:57:37,197 When he did die, in December, 1825, 552 00:57:37,287 --> 00:57:42,645 the government in Paris refused permission for his family to bring the body home. 553 00:57:43,607 --> 00:57:45,916 No king-killers allowed. 554 00:57:49,767 --> 00:57:53,601 David's paintings, though, were up for sale. 555 00:57:53,687 --> 00:58:00,081 Before that, they were put on public display. Not, however, the notorious Marat. 556 00:58:01,887 --> 00:58:05,721 That was kept under guard at the artist's son's house. 557 00:58:06,207 --> 00:58:09,199 Admission by private arrangement. 558 00:58:12,607 --> 00:58:15,997 And you take a look at it and you know why. 559 00:58:16,887 --> 00:58:21,756 If ever there was a work of art that says that beauty can be lethal, 560 00:58:22,407 --> 00:58:26,036 it's Jacques-Louis David's Death of Marat.	Translation - English 1 00:00:15,607 --> 00:00:20,806 Cenaze alayı Brüksel'in parke taşlı yollarını gürültüyle geçiyor. 2 00:00:22,447 --> 00:00:24,165 At arabasının içinde şimdiye kadarki 3 00:00:24,247 --> 00:00:27,762 en güçlü Fransız ressamının cesedi yatıyor. 4 00:00:28,807 --> 00:00:30,525 Jacques-Louis David. 5 00:00:37,967 --> 00:00:41,880 Sanat öğrencileri ellerinde David'in tablolarının isimleri yazılı pankartlarla 6 00:00:41,967 --> 00:00:45,880 arabayı takip ederek bir geçit töreni oluşturuyorlar. 7 00:00:49,087 --> 00:00:54,445 Tümü haricinde biri, hepsinin en iyisiydi. 8 00:00:55,287 --> 00:00:59,758 Bu, 30 yıldır gün ışığı görmemiş bir resimdi. 9 00:00:59,847 --> 00:01:04,045 Kimse, en azından resmi yapan adam bunu göstermeye cesaret edememişti. 10 00:01:09,167 --> 00:01:13,604 Şimdiye kadar yaptığı en büyüleyici şey olmasına şaşırmamalı. 11 00:01:15,327 --> 00:01:18,524 Zamanında insanların önünde baygınlık geçirdiği bir tablo. 12 00:01:19,647 --> 00:01:23,117 Öyle ki hem güzel hem de itici. 13 00:01:27,087 --> 00:01:30,523 Ancak resim aynı zamanda haksız bir sır, 14 00:01:30,607 --> 00:01:35,283 David'in cesedinin Fransa'da defninin reddedilmesinin gerçek nedeni. 15 00:01:37,207 --> 00:01:39,880 Peki, bu tabloyu hem unutulmaz şaheseri 16 00:01:39,967 --> 00:01:46,486 hem de bağışlanamaz günahı yapan nedir? 17 00:02:22,887 --> 00:02:26,084 19 Eylül 1783'de, 18 00:02:26,847 --> 00:02:31,12 taftadan dev bir küre, Versay Sarayı üzerinde 19 00:02:31,207 --> 00:02:33,482 kararsızca sallanmaktaydı. 20 00:02:35,247 --> 00:02:39,240 Balonun sepetinde bir koyun, bir ördek, bir de horoz vardı. 21 00:02:41,767 --> 00:02:45,396 Şiddetli rüzgar esintisi balonun tepesine yakın bir yırtık oluşturduğunda 22 00:02:45,487 --> 00:02:48,524 kümes aeronautları için endişelenilmişti. 23 00:02:50,687 --> 00:02:55,522 Gerçi sonuç olarak, balon durumu atlatmış ve hayvanların acı çekmediğine kanaat getirilmişti. 24 00:03:00,127 --> 00:03:03,437 Ancak bu başlı başına protokol ihlaliydi. 25 00:03:03,887 --> 00:03:07,323 Versay töreni kontrol etmek amaçlı inşa edilmişti. 26 00:03:07,807 --> 00:03:11,595 Bu şekilde, mutlakçılığın gizemi korunuyordu. 27 00:03:16,047 --> 00:03:20,882 Yeryüzünde, bir dereceye kadar halen aristokratik bir görüntüydü. 28 00:03:22,367 --> 00:03:25,564 Havada, demokratikleşmişti. 29 00:03:31,647 --> 00:03:34,320 Paris'te daha da gerçekçi bir heyecan. 30 00:03:38,207 --> 00:03:44,123 Beaumarchais'nin oyunu Figaro'nun Düğünü, birçok devlet yasağından sonra gösterime girmek üzereydi. 31 00:03:46,167 --> 00:03:51,685 Kral oyuna tiksindirici demişti. Bu kalabalığın oluşmasını garantiledi. 32 00:03:54,727 --> 00:03:55,921 Hayır, bayım. 33 00:03:56,967 --> 00:04:00,801 Harika bir hükümdar olduğunuz için müthiş bir dahi olduğunuzu mu düşünüyorsunuz? 34 00:04:01,287 --> 00:04:03,847 Soyluluk, sınıf 35 00:04:03,927 --> 00:04:08,239 pozisyon, servet bir adamı ne kadar da gururlu hissettirir. 36 00:04:08,727 --> 00:04:11,719 Bu avantajları haketmek için ne yaptınız? 37 00:04:12,927 --> 00:04:17,523 Sadece doğmuş olmanın derdini düşünün, daha fazlası yok. Geri kalanıysa... 38 00:04:19,447 --> 00:04:21,563 fazlasıyla sıradan bir adamsınız. 39 00:04:29,007 --> 00:04:33,523 Saldırının önemini kavradıklarında bile 40 00:04:33,607 --> 00:04:38,078 asilzadeliğin dudaklarında bravoların öldüğüne dair hiç bir belirti yoktu. 41 00:04:40,047 --> 00:04:42,481 Kendi ölüm teminatınızı imzalamak hakkında konuşun. 42 00:04:42,567 --> 00:04:45,559 Ama, bunu nereden bileceklerdi, 10 yıl içinde, 43 00:04:45,647 --> 00:04:50,118 kelimelerden çok daha yaralayıcı bir şeyi kavrıyor olacaklardı. 44 00:04:51,167 --> 00:04:53,681 Bakın vatandaşlar, 45 00:04:54,807 --> 00:04:57,958 bizi bekleyen şanlı kadere bakın. 46 00:04:59,487 --> 00:05:02,957 Seferber edeceğin koskoca bir millet var. 47 00:05:03,847 --> 00:05:04,916 Daha fazlası yok. 48 00:05:05,007 --> 00:05:08,283 Yine de, Fransız Devrimi bu teatral hava olmaksızın 49 00:05:08,367 --> 00:05:10,642 kesinlikle gerçekleşemezdi. 50 00:05:11,767 --> 00:05:17,683 Oyuncuları, hayasızca salona oynayan, tezahuratlardan ve yuhalamalardan faydalanan 51 00:05:17,767 --> 00:05:20,645 Dalton gibi büyük konuşmacılarıydı. 52 00:05:20,727 --> 00:05:23,082 Mantık senin cephende savaşıyor 53 00:05:23,167 --> 00:05:27,763 ve sen dünyayı hayretler içinde bırakmaya henüz başlamadın bile. 54 00:05:29,207 --> 00:05:32,438 Eğer gerçekten yeni bir Fransa yaratacaklarsa, 55 00:05:32,527 --> 00:05:36,202 kelimelere eşlik eden görüntüler yaratacak birine ihtiyaçları vardı. 56 00:05:40,807 --> 00:05:44,163 O birisi Jacques-Lois David'di. 57 00:05:44,887 --> 00:05:50,041 İnsanlara gerçek vatandaşlığın imgelemini veren David'di. 58 00:05:51,087 --> 00:05:56,923 O halde onun sanatı galeri malzemesi değil tamamen bir hayat biçimiydi 59 00:06:02,567 --> 00:06:03,841 veya ölüm. 60 00:06:04,967 --> 00:06:09,597 Bu tablo hakkında neler hissettiğimden emin değilim, derinden çelişkiye düşmüş olmak dışında. 61 00:06:10,487 --> 00:06:12,921 Evet korkunç derecede güzel. 62 00:06:13,007 --> 00:06:18,718 Ama doğruyu söylemek gerekirse tabloyu dehşet verici yaratılış anından ayrılıyor. 63 00:06:20,527 --> 00:06:25,920 Bu Jean-Paul Marat, Devrim fanatiklerinin en paranoyak olanı. 64 00:06:26,967 --> 00:06:29,481 Küvetinde öldürüldü. 65 00:06:32,127 --> 00:06:37,440 Marat için hiçbir zaman yeterince terör ve katliam mümkün değildi. 66 00:06:38,887 --> 00:06:42,846 Ama David'e göre, Marat bir canavar değildi. O bir azizdi. 67 00:06:44,047 --> 00:06:48,325 Bu tablo Marat'yı bir erdem abidesine dönüştürdü. 68 00:06:49,367 --> 00:06:51,597 Nefes kesici? Kesinlikle. 69 00:06:51,687 --> 00:06:54,520 Ama belki biraz delice. 70 00:07:00,327 --> 00:07:05,276 Ki Jacques-Louis David'in kalpsiz bir kaçık olduğu anlamına gelmiyor. 71 00:07:05,687 --> 00:07:09,316 Bütün hayatı boyunca, sadece erdemi aramıştı. 72 00:07:11,127 --> 00:07:16,520 Acı verici şekilde ağırbaşlı, dayanıklı kendine yeten bir yönü vardı. 73 00:07:17,647 --> 00:07:19,524 Bir, iki, üç. 74 00:07:21,527 --> 00:07:24,325 Şaşırtıcı değil aslında. Yedi yaşındayken, 75 00:07:24,407 --> 00:07:28,639 demir tüccarı babası silahlı düelloda öldürülmüştü. 76 00:07:29,647 --> 00:07:32,798 Çocuğun ruhuna demirden bir şey saplanmış olmalıydı. 77 00:07:35,167 --> 00:07:38,239 Avukat veya mimar olmasını isteyen iyi niyetli amcaları tarafından yetiştirildi 78 00:07:38,327 --> 00:07:44,846 ancak David resim yapmak dışında hiçbir şeye önem vermiyordu. 79 00:07:45,607 --> 00:07:49,156 Böylece amcaları onu annesinin kuzenine gönderdi, 80 00:07:49,247 --> 00:07:53,206 sonradan Fransa'nın en başarılı ressamı olacak kişiye. 81 00:07:57,087 --> 00:08:02,400 Francois Boucher soylulara tam olarak nasıl bir sanat vermesi gerektiğini biliyordu. 82 00:08:03,567 --> 00:08:07,446 Köpüklü yastıklar üzerinde oynaşan, 83 00:08:07,527 --> 00:08:11,281 hayal edilebilecek en pembe, en ipeksi, en tatlı gül renkli popolar. 84 00:08:21,167 --> 00:08:24,796 Ancak Boucher muhtemelen ağırbaşlı, genç David'de 85 00:08:24,887 --> 00:08:29,119 sanatının odak noktası eritici güzellik olmayacak birini görmüştü. 86 00:08:29,887 --> 00:08:32,355 Böylece onu başka bir ustaya gönderdi. 87 00:08:32,447 --> 00:08:36,201 Ama Boucher David'e, " Arada sırada beni ziyaret et, 88 00:08:36,287 --> 00:08:38,676 ben de sana içtenliğimi öğreteyim." dedi.' 89 00:08:43,207 --> 00:08:48,076 Ama David zevk endüstrisinde kendini hiç rahat hissetmeyecekti. O yalnızlığı seviyordu. 90 00:08:48,167 --> 00:08:53,082 Bir seferinde kılıç dövüşüne karıştı ve yanağından kötü bir kesik aldı. 91 00:08:55,127 --> 00:09:01,475 Bu yara zamanla iyicil tümöre dönüştü. Herkesin onda ilk farkettiği şey buydu. 92 00:09:02,687 --> 00:09:06,646 Düşmanları onu "Şiş yanaklı David" diye çağıracaktı. 93 00:09:15,407 --> 00:09:21,482 Bu tip kazalar her gün olur. Herhangi bir Paris sokağında yürüyün veya bir salona girin, 94 00:09:21,567 --> 00:09:25,401 karşınızda deforme ve biçimsizlerden oluşan zengin bir galeri bulursunuz. 95 00:09:25,487 --> 00:09:30,003 Korkunç çiçek hastalığı yaraları,yumru ayaklar, tavşan dudaklar. 96 00:09:30,087 --> 00:09:35,207 Ama bazı kazalar insanlara sorun teşkil eder, bazıları etmez. Bu ediyordu. 97 00:09:41,647 --> 00:09:45,526 David'in deformasyonu düzgün konuşmasını önlüyordu. 98 00:09:47,007 --> 00:09:52,001 Pek az insan ne dediğini anlayabiliyordu, sonunda pek bir şey söylememeye başladı. 99 00:09:53,287 --> 00:09:57,405 Konuştuğunda, acı bir şekilde kekeme olduğunun farkına varıyordu. 100 00:10:07,727 --> 00:10:12,755 Tarihte zekanın ve sohbetin önemli olduğu bir an varsa, 101 00:10:12,847 --> 00:10:15,441 o da kesinlikle 18. yüzyıl Fransa'sıydı. 102 00:10:15,807 --> 00:10:22,246 Ancak şiş yanak David konuşamıyordu, sohbet edemiyordu, sadece mırıldanıyordu. 103 00:10:26,527 --> 00:10:28,563 Ancak belki bir teselli mevcuttu, 104 00:10:28,647 --> 00:10:33,926 nükte alanındaki özürüyle meşhur biri daha vardı çünkü, 105 00:10:34,007 --> 00:10:36,237 ve bu kişi kraldı. 106 00:10:41,047 --> 00:10:45,279 XVI. Louis mutluluğu için endişelenmek üzere doğmuştu. 107 00:10:46,527 --> 00:10:51,647 Büyükbabası XV. Louis Versailles'yı bunun arayışı çevresinde biçimlendirmişti. 108 00:10:51,727 --> 00:10:56,562 Ancak genç varisi için mutluluk her zaman zor bir iş olacaktı. 109 00:11:03,607 --> 00:11:08,920 Louis 1775'te tahta çıktığında, herkes için en iyisini istemişti 110 00:11:09,687 --> 00:11:12,360 ama sadece bunu nasıl yapacağını bilmiyordu. 111 00:11:15,607 --> 00:11:18,075 XVI. Louis'yle ilgili en üzücü şey ise 112 00:11:18,167 --> 00:11:22,957 eski rejimin tutucu sembolu bir kral olarak devrilmiş olmasına rağmen 113 00:11:23,047 --> 00:11:28,804 aslında kendini tamamen modern, bilim ve teknolojiyle yakından ilgili biri olarak görüyor olmasıydı. 114 00:11:28,887 --> 00:11:31,321 Balonlar? Yetmiyordu. Balloons? Couldn't get enough of them. 115 00:11:34,887 --> 00:11:41,076 Felaketle sonuçlanan hükümdarlığı, uçarı iyimserliğin ve 116 00:11:42,247 --> 00:11:44,442 beğeni değişiminin güneş ışınları içinde başlamıştı. 117 00:11:44,887 --> 00:11:49,961 Yaldızlı pirinç gitmiş, gösterişsizlik, doğa tutkusu gelmişti. 118 00:11:56,167 --> 00:12:02,242 XVI. Louis'nin genç Avusturyalı kraliçesi Marie Antoinette bile tutkunlardandı. 119 00:12:02,847 --> 00:12:09,036 Antoinette burada, Versailles'da küçük bir çiftlik inşa ettirdi, krallığın mandırasında gidip inekleri sağdı. 120 00:12:10,167 --> 00:12:13,364 Artık daha fazla divanlar, odalıklar yoktu. So, no more couches and courtesans. 121 00:12:13,447 --> 00:12:16,757 Onun yerine, hassasiyet, yalınlık vardı. 122 00:12:22,967 --> 00:12:27,677 Göz yaşları hislerin delili olarak bilhassa ödüllendiriliyordu. 123 00:12:28,687 --> 00:12:31,076 Bunun gibi tablolar kabul görmüştü. 124 00:12:31,167 --> 00:12:35,479 Jean-Baptiste Greuze tarafından yapılmış Ölü Kanaryanın Başında Ağlayan Kız. 125 00:12:36,287 --> 00:12:38,482 İnsanlar bunu gördüğünde ağlıyordu. 126 00:12:46,727 --> 00:12:49,082 Hisler David için de önemliydi 127 00:12:49,167 --> 00:12:53,445 ancak moda meraklısı seçkinlerin benimsediği sığ türden hisler değil. 128 00:12:59,727 --> 00:13:03,686 Hayır, David daha sert bir şeylerin peşindeydi. 129 00:13:09,447 --> 00:13:12,883 Roma kalıntılarının arasında aradığını buldu. 130 00:13:13,607 --> 00:13:17,600 Herşey David için burada değişti. Sadece sanat hakkındaki görüşleri değil, 131 00:13:17,687 --> 00:13:20,679 aynı zamanda ülkesinin geleceği için düşündükleri de. 132 00:13:23,887 --> 00:13:26,879 Peki taşlar ona ne söylüyordu? 133 00:13:27,367 --> 00:13:30,677 " Yozlaşan imparatorluklara olan bu işte." diyorlardı. 134 00:13:31,487 --> 00:13:35,002 Bir zamanlar özgür Roma vardı, ağırbaşlı, adil,iktidar sahibi, 135 00:13:35,087 --> 00:13:39,922 acımasız kahramanlarla dolu Cumhuriyet vardı 136 00:13:41,767 --> 00:13:44,406 ama efemine lüks onu öldürdü. 137 00:13:45,087 --> 00:13:50,161 Özgürlük despotizme teslim oldu ve Romalılar köleleşti. 138 00:13:52,167 --> 00:13:57,287 Tarihten gelen bu mesaj David'in verimli beyninde nasıl da yankılandı. 139 00:14:01,007 --> 00:14:05,046 1785'te David bu mesajı kötü haber pakedi gibi 140 00:14:05,127 --> 00:14:09,996 kendinden memnunlara ve aşırı pudralanmışlara iletti. 141 00:14:12,327 --> 00:14:16,366 Dünyadaki ilk sanat gösterisine hoşgeldiniz, 142 00:14:16,447 --> 00:14:19,086 Louvre Sarayı, daha azı değil. 143 00:14:19,167 --> 00:14:22,318 Bu her zaman sessiz bir müze değildi. 144 00:14:22,407 --> 00:14:28,721 Her iki senede bir, Paris'in en büyük halk eğlencesini sanheye koyardı ve ücretsizdi. 145 00:14:34,727 --> 00:14:39,437 Söz yayılmıştı, görülecek sansasyonel bir şey vardı. 146 00:14:40,247 --> 00:14:43,364 Jacques-Louis David'in Oath of the Horatii tablosu. 147 00:14:45,687 --> 00:14:49,282 Tablo, kriz halindeki bi ülke hakkında. 148 00:14:51,047 --> 00:14:54,198 Savaşı engellemek için, Romalılar adamlarından üç kişiyi 149 00:14:54,287 --> 00:14:58,803 düşmanlarından üç kişiyle savaşması için seçer. En son ayakta kalan kazanır. 150 00:15:00,887 --> 00:15:06,245 Kaderin cilvesi ki Romalı oğlanlardan biri düşman tarafın kızıyla evlidir. 151 00:15:08,327 --> 00:15:11,364 Dulluk ve yetimlik yolda. 152 00:15:17,047 --> 00:15:20,881 Ancak erkeklerin hiç biri buna azıcık da olsa önem vermiyor. 153 00:15:20,967 --> 00:15:27,566 Bu bir erkeğin bağlanma tablosu, kas, damar ve çeliklerle sıkıca paketlenmiş bir gösteri. 154 00:15:27,927 --> 00:15:32,682 Tek renk lekesi cüppenin kan kırmızısı. 155 00:15:37,967 --> 00:15:42,085 Baba, çıplak eli keskin bıçağın üzerinde ağırbaşlı bir şekilde 156 00:15:42,847 --> 00:15:45,680 oğullarına fethetmeye ya da ölmeye yemin ediyor. 157 00:16:11,487 --> 00:16:17,084 En az 60,000 insan sergiye bu tabloyu görmeye gelecektir 158 00:16:17,167 --> 00:16:21,240 ve gelenler sadece kodamanlar değil, aynı zamanda esnaf, balıkçı kadınlar, 159 00:16:21,327 --> 00:16:23,921 tüm terli, gürleyen halk da olacaktı. 160 00:16:24,447 --> 00:16:26,642 Onlar David'in insanları olacaktı. 161 00:16:30,687 --> 00:16:34,362 Ölümün dansının ince çizgisine baktılar 162 00:16:34,447 --> 00:16:37,883 ve heyecanlansalar mı korksalar mı bilemediler. 163 00:16:42,647 --> 00:16:46,765 Büyük kriz karşısında silahlanmaya çağrı gibiydi bu. 164 00:16:50,727 --> 00:16:56,006 Bu kriz antik Roma'da değil, burada ve şimdi gerçekleşiyordu, 165 00:16:56,087 --> 00:16:58,317 XVI. Louis'nin Fransa'sında. 166 00:17:01,087 --> 00:17:05,922 Çoğu devrimde olduğu gibi mali çöküşle başladı bu devrim de. 167 00:17:06,927 --> 00:17:11,239 Fransa Amerika'nın bağımsızlığını kazanmasına yardım etmesiyle iftihar ediyordu 168 00:17:11,327 --> 00:17:14,239 ancak bu büyük bedele malolmuştu. 169 00:17:16,887 --> 00:17:20,800 İflastan kaçınmak demek daha çok vergi demekti. 170 00:17:23,927 --> 00:17:26,236 Böylelikle, bostan korkuluğu fakirler ceplerini boşaltmak zorunda kalırken 171 00:17:26,327 --> 00:17:30,366 neden asilzadelerin ve ruhban sınıfının vergiden muaf olduğu konusunda 172 00:17:30,447 --> 00:17:34,281 münasebetsiz sorular baş göstermeye başlamıştı. 173 00:17:35,007 --> 00:17:37,726 Ulus herkesi içermiyor muydu? 174 00:17:40,167 --> 00:17:43,682 Ulus? Eh, bu yeni bir fikirdi. 175 00:17:43,767 --> 00:17:47,885 Hazır başlamışken, ya peki seçilmiş delegeler? 176 00:17:51,647 --> 00:17:56,163 Oh, söylemeye gerek kalmaksızın yeni Fransa monarşi olmaya devam edecekti. 177 00:17:57,207 --> 00:18:00,244 Kraliçenin tüm o elmasları koyacak bir yere ihtiyacı vardı 178 00:18:00,327 --> 00:18:02,602 ama kral iyi bir adamdı. 179 00:18:05,087 --> 00:18:09,763 Köşebaşında toplumsal bir kıyamet beklemek için bir neden yoktu. 180 00:18:21,927 --> 00:18:28,685 Bir süreliğine David'in hissettiği buydu, küçük bir reformun kurtaramayacağı anlamına geliyordu. 181 00:18:28,767 --> 00:18:30,837 Etrafta çok fazla işeyaramaz vardı. 182 00:18:30,927 --> 00:18:36,604 Başlangıç olarak, Resim Okulundaki bu değersiz kişilerin gitmesi gerekiyordu. 183 00:18:37,087 --> 00:18:41,638 Mücadele halindeki bir sanatçıyken onu dört kez reddetmişlerdi. 184 00:18:41,727 --> 00:18:45,515 Şimdi başarılıydı, ona zar zor katlanıyorlardı. 185 00:18:45,607 --> 00:18:50,317 Eh, zamanları dolmuştu. Her halükarda, onlara daha fazla ihtiyacı yoktu. 186 00:18:50,407 --> 00:18:53,604 Artık akıllı, özgür düşünceli takipçileri vardı. 187 00:19:03,287 --> 00:19:08,315 İşte iyi insanlardan ikisi burada, zengin, zeki, cana yakın. 188 00:19:08,407 --> 00:19:13,401 Bay ve Bayan Büyüleyici, Antoine ve Marie-Anne Lavoisier. 189 00:19:14,327 --> 00:19:16,887 Antoine ünlü bir deneysel kimyager. 190 00:19:17,407 --> 00:19:21,036 Zemindeki cam tüp gazları ölçmek için. 191 00:19:22,727 --> 00:19:26,686 Onunla 13 yaşında evlenmiş olan Marie-Anne, bir eşten daha fazla. 192 00:19:27,207 --> 00:19:31,883 Antoine'ın omzuna rastgele atılmış el, onun için İngilizce'den makaleler çeviren, kitapları için illüstrasyonlar tasarlayan, 193 00:19:32,527 --> 00:19:38,045 gerçek bir partner olduğunu gösteriyor. 194 00:19:42,487 --> 00:19:46,719 Antoine oldukça zengin ama toplumsal bilince de sahip. 195 00:19:46,807 --> 00:19:50,436 Parasının çoğunu sıtmayı yoketmek için bataklıkları kurutmaya ve 196 00:19:50,527 --> 00:19:53,599 bunun gibi şeylere harcamış. 197 00:19:56,207 --> 00:19:59,722 Portreye baktığınızda, David'in Fransa'yı yönetmesi gereken 198 00:19:59,807 --> 00:20:03,277 insancıl, şefkatli insanların 199 00:20:03,607 --> 00:20:06,440 betimlemesini yaptığını düşünürsünüz. 200 00:20:07,607 --> 00:20:13,443 Eh doğrusu, 7,000 livre için özel askerler yardımıyla vergi toplayarak 201 00:20:13,727 --> 00:20:18,403 para kazanmış diğer Lavoisier'den hiç bahsetmeyecekti bile. 202 00:20:19,527 --> 00:20:25,477 David ücretini almıştı ama tabloyu Louvre'da gösterme zamanı geldiğinde 203 00:20:25,567 --> 00:20:30,243 tabloyu göstermekten vazgeçti. Ama sonra gösterecekti, değil mi? 204 00:20:31,247 --> 00:20:36,879 Tablonun kurumasıyla serginin açılışı arasındaki zamanda Fransa'daki herşey değişmişti. 205 00:20:38,087 --> 00:20:39,884 Yıl 1789. 206 00:20:46,407 --> 00:20:49,160 Umut ve umutsuzluk eşit derecede. 207 00:20:50,687 --> 00:20:53,326 Temsili bir meclisten umut yükseliyordu: İhtilal Meclisi. 208 00:20:53,607 --> 00:20:58,601 Tüm Fransa çapında düzenlenen binlerce toplantıdan seçilenler. 209 00:21:03,167 --> 00:21:08,525 Ancak umutsuzluk da vardı çünkü tüm bunlar olabilecek en kötü zamanda gerçekleşiyordu. 210 00:21:09,447 --> 00:21:12,644 Yok edilenlerin hasadı, yükselen fiyatlar. 211 00:21:15,007 --> 00:21:18,966 Umudu ve çaresizliği bir araya koy, ne olur? 212 00:21:19,887 --> 00:21:22,959 Nitrogliserinin politik eşiti. 213 00:21:29,247 --> 00:21:35,004 İhtilal Meclisi 1789 yılının baharında burada Versailles'da toplandığında, 214 00:21:35,447 --> 00:21:40,396 tek bir soru ortalıkta dolaşıyordu. Milletvekilleri eski yöntemle, 215 00:21:40,487 --> 00:21:43,081 soylular, rahipler ve halk şeklinde 216 00:21:43,167 --> 00:21:48,195 üç ayrı sınıf halinde mi toplanacaktı yoksa yeni bir yol seçip, 217 00:21:48,287 --> 00:21:52,917 ilk defa tek bir ulusal meclis olarak bir araya mı geleceklerdi? 218 00:21:56,607 --> 00:22:00,646 Halk tabakasından genç bir avukat, Maximilien Robespierre, 219 00:22:00,727 --> 00:22:02,001 kendilerini tek kanuni ve mantıki heyet ilan ederek 220 00:22:02,087 --> 00:22:05,523 ve rahipler ile soyluların da aralarına katılmasından 221 00:22:05,607 --> 00:22:09,043 hoşnutluk duyulacağını söyleyerek gündemi zorladı. 222 00:22:09,807 --> 00:22:12,162 Şaşırtıcı çokluktaki sayı katıldı da. 223 00:22:20,087 --> 00:22:24,046 1789'un 20 Haziranı. 224 00:22:24,127 --> 00:22:28,359 Geç ilkbaharın yağmurları sel gibi boşanıyor. 225 00:22:28,447 --> 00:22:32,679 Üçüncü sınıf sayılan halk tabakasından 600 milletvekili 226 00:22:32,767 --> 00:22:36,123 artı soylular ve rahiplerden yeni müttefikleri 227 00:22:36,207 --> 00:22:39,722 toplantı salonunun kapısında bırakılmışlar. 228 00:22:39,807 --> 00:22:44,722 Malum doktor Guillotin (giyotin) yakınlarda bir tenis kortu biliyor. 229 00:22:47,247 --> 00:22:52,116 Paris'in Belediye Başkanı Sylvain Bailly aniden gösterinin yıldızı oldu. 230 00:22:52,727 --> 00:22:57,039 Bütün ve adil bir anayasaya sahip olana kadar 231 00:22:57,127 --> 00:23:00,278 Tanrıya ve anavatana hiç bir zaman ayrılmayacağına and iç. 232 00:23:07,407 --> 00:23:12,845 İlk defa kralın izni olmaksızın 233 00:23:12,927 --> 00:23:15,202 aristokratlar, ruhban sınıfı ve burjuvazi biraraya geliyordu. 234 00:23:18,167 --> 00:23:23,480 Kollar uzanmış, vücutlar kucaklaşmış, hayat sanata yetişmişti. 235 00:23:25,807 --> 00:23:29,880 David'in yeniden doğan Roma'sı, yeni Fransa'ydı. 236 00:23:36,647 --> 00:23:41,516 Bir yıl sonra, David, Tennis Court Oath tasviri üzerinde çalışmalıydı. 237 00:23:42,567 --> 00:23:46,640 Bu gürültüyle dolu bir tablodur. Yeminin uğultusuyla doludur. 238 00:23:46,727 --> 00:23:49,844 Muazzam bir elektriksel fırtınanın gürültüsü. 239 00:23:51,367 --> 00:23:55,679 Devrim doğanın durdurulamaz bir gücü gibidir. 240 00:24:00,287 --> 00:24:03,882 Tüm bunların ortasında, muazzam bir boşluk. 241 00:24:04,847 --> 00:24:07,680 Yalnız hiç de boş değil. 242 00:24:07,767 --> 00:24:13,364 Işık ve koşturan rüzgarla, özgürlüğün kızgın enerjisiyle dolu. 243 00:24:13,967 --> 00:24:15,639 Bu bir düşünce. 244 00:24:15,727 --> 00:24:20,164 Öylesine büyük bir düşünce ki, hayata geçireni cüceleştiriyor. 245 00:24:37,127 --> 00:24:41,086 Çizim koca bir tabloya dönüşmeliydi. 246 00:24:41,167 --> 00:24:46,958 Bu sadece küçük bir parçası. Ama gördüğünüz üzere, hiç bir zaman bitirilmedi. 247 00:24:47,047 --> 00:24:51,518 David çıplak modellerin üzerine giysi koymaya fırsat bulamadan 248 00:24:51,607 --> 00:24:54,758 çoğu ölmüş veya gözden düşürülmüş olacaktı. 249 00:24:58,607 --> 00:25:03,886 Birliğe ve özgürlüğe dair ulu mesajın ilginç bir şekilde yakında süresi dolacaktı. 250 00:25:05,007 --> 00:25:10,206 Uzanmış kollar yerine, şimdi parmakla gösterme salgını vardı. 251 00:25:14,767 --> 00:25:20,717 1789 Haziranı yeniden doğan Fransa için altından bir iyimserlik anı olmuş olmalıydı. 252 00:25:21,607 --> 00:25:27,318 Artık Fransa'da Ulusal Meclis olduğuna göre XVI. Louis sonunda Tennis Court Oath'un 253 00:25:27,407 --> 00:25:30,797 sonuçlarını kabul etmiş gibi görünüyordu, 254 00:25:30,887 --> 00:25:34,323 Ama burada, Palais Royale, Paris'in Konuşmacılar Köşesi'nde 255 00:25:34,407 --> 00:25:36,238 kimse ona gerçekten inanmadı. 256 00:25:36,327 --> 00:25:42,562 İnsanlar kralın gizlice Bastille kalesine barut depoladığını, 257 00:25:42,647 --> 00:25:47,277 Paris'in kelimenin tam anlamıyla patlamayı bekleyen barut fıçısı olduğunu konuşuyordu. 258 00:26:00,327 --> 00:26:07,244 14 Temmuz sabahında, yaklaşık 900 kişilik bir kalabalık amansız kaleye doğru yöneldi. 259 00:26:10,247 --> 00:26:16,117 Her zaman aynı şekildedir, değil mi? Birisi panikler, ilk silah ateşlenir, kimse kurşunun nereden geldiğini bilmez. 260 00:26:16,527 --> 00:26:18,722 " Katliam!" çığlıkları, 261 00:26:18,807 --> 00:26:21,844 ve sonra, ciddi bir kurşun takası. 262 00:26:24,567 --> 00:26:30,563 Hapishane müdürü Bastille'i teslim edene kadar cehennemi bir öğle sonrası geçirmek ve 83 hayat vermek gerekmişti. 263 00:26:32,287 --> 00:26:34,847 Müdüre geçiş izni söz verilmişti. 264 00:26:34,927 --> 00:26:39,079 Aldığı şey ise kafasının meyve bıçağıyla kesilmesi olmuştu. 265 00:26:46,247 --> 00:26:50,763 Ama zaten, kim demiş ki devmrimler kansız olacak diye? 266 00:27:01,287 --> 00:27:05,917 İşte David'in boyun kesme kampanyalarına katkısı. 267 00:27:06,727 --> 00:27:09,321 Şimdiye kadar yaptığı en karanlık şey. 268 00:27:12,087 --> 00:27:14,840 Yine Romalı bir baba. 269 00:27:15,007 --> 00:27:16,963 Brutus, karanlıkta düşünüyor, 270 00:27:17,047 --> 00:27:22,599 monarşiyi geri getirme planını hayata geçirmek için oğullarının idam emrini vermiş. 271 00:27:23,807 --> 00:27:28,517 Oğullarının kafasız vücutları ona getiriliyor, ve abartısız dönüp bakmıyor bile. 272 00:27:35,767 --> 00:27:40,397 Sadece şu sağ ayak bastırılmış duygularının bir belirtisi. 273 00:27:44,687 --> 00:27:47,565 Brutus karanlık tarafa geçmiş. 274 00:27:50,127 --> 00:27:55,565 Işık, sadece kafasız çocuklarını gören annenin üzerinden akıyor. 275 00:27:58,567 --> 00:28:01,001 Kalbinizin sızladığını hissediyorsunuz. 276 00:28:15,887 --> 00:28:20,403 Bu tabloda David'in tüm muhteşem resimlerinde olduğu gibi kanı donduran bir şey var. 277 00:28:20,487 --> 00:28:25,720 Dehasına hayran kalsanız da, söylediği şey karşısında kanınız donup kalıyor. 278 00:28:26,047 --> 00:28:28,845 Bakın resmin ölü merkezinde ne var, Look what's at the dead centre of the picture, 279 00:28:28,927 --> 00:28:34,923 bir adet keskin makas, sert, soğuk metal aile bağlarını kesmiş. 280 00:28:38,047 --> 00:28:40,959 David'in kesici şeylere bir takıntısı var gibi. 281 00:28:41,047 --> 00:28:44,801 Yüzünü işaretlemişlerdi ve şimdi de aklını işaretliyorlardı. 282 00:28:50,727 --> 00:28:54,515 Babadan anavatana atılmış kısa bir adım. 283 00:28:55,607 --> 00:29:02,046 Devrimin ilk iki yılı çılgınca toplu öforiden paranoyaya geçmişti; 284 00:29:04,087 --> 00:29:09,366 halkı kucaklama orjileri, kindar linç spazmları. 285 00:29:41,327 --> 00:29:45,525 Neydi bu öfke? Çünkü insanlar hala açtı. 286 00:29:45,607 --> 00:29:48,405 Ekmek fiyatları tavan yapmıştı 287 00:29:48,487 --> 00:29:51,797 ve insanlar oyları yiyemeyeceklerini keşfetmişti. 288 00:29:51,887 --> 00:29:54,196 Biri suçlanmalıydı. 289 00:29:58,287 --> 00:30:02,917 "Fırıncı ve fırıncının karısı" diye çağırdı yuhalayan pazarcı kadın 290 00:30:03,007 --> 00:30:08,798 Louis ve Marie Antoinette'i Versailles'ın güvenliğinden çıkarıp Paris'in ortasına doğru sürüklerken. 291 00:30:10,887 --> 00:30:15,119 Kraliçenin Avusturyalı bir fahişeden farkı olmadığını söylüyorlardı. 292 00:30:15,687 --> 00:30:17,723 David de aynı şekilde düşünüyordu. 293 00:30:17,847 --> 00:30:22,921 " İsyancılar onu boğmalıydı, cesedini parçalara ayırmalıydı." diye yazmıştı. 294 00:30:26,647 --> 00:30:31,357 O zamanlar, dogmayla belirsizliğin garip bir karışımıydı David. 295 00:30:31,967 --> 00:30:35,755 Milyonlarca yurttaşı gibi kraliçenin canavar olduğunu düşünüyordu, 296 00:30:35,847 --> 00:30:40,045 ama Louis'in vatandaş kral olması fikrinden vazgeçmiş değildi. 297 00:30:40,127 --> 00:30:43,005 Hatta kralın portresini yapmak için gönüllü oldu. 298 00:30:44,247 --> 00:30:48,160 Politik açıdan hala bir genç kız saflığındaydı, 299 00:30:48,247 --> 00:30:51,717 ta ki kendi benzerleriyle tanışana kadar. 300 00:30:55,207 --> 00:31:01,806 Jean-Paul Marat, balon pilotu, gazete editörü, fanatik. 301 00:31:03,767 --> 00:31:05,485 İşte burada küvetinde, 302 00:31:05,567 --> 00:31:11,164 derisini soyulmuş ve pul pul bırakan ızdırap verici derecede kaşındırıcı deri hastalığından 303 00:31:11,287 --> 00:31:13,960 nefes alabildiği tek yer. 304 00:31:14,847 --> 00:31:17,805 Marat histeriyi bir davul gibi çalıyor. 305 00:31:18,207 --> 00:31:23,122 Gazetesi The Friend of the People bağırıyor, lanetliyor ve parmakla gösterdiği vatan hainlerinin ve 306 00:31:23,207 --> 00:31:28,361 sahte vatanseverlerin maskelerinin söküp atılmasını istiyordu. 307 00:31:29,527 --> 00:31:32,405 " Her yerde entrika var." diye bağırmıştı. 308 00:31:37,007 --> 00:31:42,639 Sokaklar korku ve nefes nefese kalma arasında komplo teorilerini yutmuştu. 309 00:31:43,127 --> 00:31:46,199 Marie Antoinette, hain sürtük, 310 00:31:46,287 --> 00:31:50,280 kardeşi Avusturya İmparatoruyla Fransa'ya karşı komplo kuruyordu. 311 00:31:51,287 --> 00:31:52,606 Düşünün bir. 312 00:31:55,327 --> 00:31:57,636 Ne var ki doğruydu. 313 00:31:57,727 --> 00:32:02,721 1791 haziranında, kraliyet çifti kaçış teşebbüslerinde yakalanmış 314 00:32:02,807 --> 00:32:06,482 ve gayrıresmi mahkumlar Paris'e geri götürülmüşlerdi. 315 00:32:08,647 --> 00:32:15,120 Avusturya Fransa'yı kral ve kraliçeye bir şey olursa kötü sonuçlar olacağını söyleyerek tehdit etti. 316 00:32:15,607 --> 00:32:19,566 Şimdi, kraliyet çifti içerdeki düşman gibiydi. 317 00:32:22,327 --> 00:32:25,364 Ertesi yıl savaş patlak verdi, 318 00:32:26,127 --> 00:32:30,359 ve onların günleri de Fransa monarşisinin günleri de sayılıydı. 319 00:32:39,167 --> 00:32:44,685 Artık Fransa için savaşmak kraliyete karşı savaşmak anlamına geliyordu. 320 00:32:52,167 --> 00:32:56,797 Savaş başladıktan beş gün sonra, Nisan 1792'de, 321 00:32:56,927 --> 00:33:01,318 sınırda Strasbourg'daki bir garnizonda yemek veriliyordu. 322 00:33:02,047 --> 00:33:05,960 Amaç ordunun zayıf moralini yükseltmekti. 323 00:33:06,087 --> 00:33:09,557 "Şerefe!"ler, konuşmalar... 324 00:33:09,647 --> 00:33:14,198 " Çok yaşa özgürlük" , " Tiranlara ölüm", her zamanki durumlar. 325 00:33:14,687 --> 00:33:17,326 Eksik olan şey ise kampa kendine inanç 326 00:33:17,407 --> 00:33:21,923 dalgası gönderecek olan güzel bir şarkıydı. 327 00:33:22,607 --> 00:33:28,159 O şarkıyla çıkıp gelecek kişi alayın mühendisi ve yarı zamanlı bestekar 328 00:33:28,247 --> 00:33:31,080 Rouget de Lisle idi. 329 00:34:17,887 --> 00:34:21,004 Artık şanlı şerefli bir şeye aitsiniz. 330 00:34:21,087 --> 00:34:24,204 Vatan topraklarına, vatana aitsiniz. 331 00:34:30,647 --> 00:34:31,636 Herşey devinim halinde. 332 00:34:31,727 --> 00:34:36,278 Herkes savaşmak için yanıp tutuşuyor. Düşmanlarımızı yenmek için cesaretimiz olmalı, her zamankinden daha fazla ve her zaman. 333 00:34:37,567 --> 00:34:44,245 Ancak böyle Fransa kurtarılacak! 334 00:34:52,247 --> 00:34:57,879 1792 Ağustosunda, kraliyet ailesini koruyan In August, 1792, the guards gardiyanlar öldürüldü, 335 00:34:59,167 --> 00:35:03,718 Louis, Marie Antoinette ve çocukları hapishaneye götürüldü. 336 00:35:11,967 --> 00:35:17,485 Tiranlarla hiçbir zaman işbirliği yapılmamalıdır. Sadece kralın kafasına nişan alınmalıdır. 337 00:35:17,567 --> 00:35:19,683 Ben tiranların ölümüne oy veriyorum. 338 00:35:25,847 --> 00:35:28,486 Oldukça basit bir adamsın. 339 00:35:32,847 --> 00:35:39,116 21 Ocak 1793'te XVI. Louis idam edildi. 340 00:35:45,727 --> 00:35:49,197 Yeni ortaya çıkmış Ulusal Genel Kurul'da 341 00:35:49,287 --> 00:35:51,403 monarşinin ölümüne oy verenler arasında 342 00:35:51,487 --> 00:35:54,877 zamanında kralın kendisinden sipariş almış olan sanatçı 343 00:35:54,967 --> 00:35:57,322 Jacques-Louis David de vardı. 344 00:36:24,647 --> 00:36:27,798 Böylelikle Fransa cumhuriyet olarak yeniden doğmuştu. 345 00:36:27,887 --> 00:36:30,003 Artık örnek vatandaş David 346 00:36:30,087 --> 00:36:34,365 Paris'in parlamento üyesi olarak politik idolleri Marat ve Robespierre ile birlikte 347 00:36:34,447 --> 00:36:38,235 kurulun sıralarında gururla oturmaktaydı. 348 00:36:43,407 --> 00:36:45,284 Geri dönüş yoktu. 349 00:36:45,367 --> 00:36:49,645 Artık David ve sanatı Devrime aitti. 350 00:36:51,967 --> 00:36:54,606 Nereye götürürse takip edecekti 351 00:36:54,687 --> 00:36:57,645 ve götürdüğü yer diktatörlüktü. 352 00:37:01,127 --> 00:37:06,247 Ülke savaş halindeydi, düşmanları Fransa'nın içinde ve dışındaydı. 353 00:37:07,207 --> 00:37:10,040 Hassas duyguların zamanı değildi. 354 00:37:13,327 --> 00:37:16,717 Kendini devrimin düşmanı değil arkadaşı gören sayısız insan 355 00:37:16,807 --> 00:37:21,164 parmakla gösterilmiş ve hain ilan edilmişti. 356 00:37:26,407 --> 00:37:30,844 İlk tutuklananlar arasında David'in eski arkadaşları ve patronu 357 00:37:30,927 --> 00:37:33,487 Antoine and Marie-Anne Lavoisier vardı. 358 00:37:36,007 --> 00:37:38,567 Marie-Anne giyotinden kurtuldu 359 00:37:39,167 --> 00:37:40,805 ancak Antoine kurtulamadı. 360 00:37:50,407 --> 00:37:55,879 For Marat and Robespierre'e göre güvenli hissetmek için hiçbir zaman yeterince giyotinden geçmiş kafa olamazdı. 361 00:37:56,887 --> 00:38:01,039 1789'da Marat bir kaç yüz kişinin idamını istemişti. 362 00:38:01,127 --> 00:38:04,597 Şimdi, yüz binlercesinin idamını istiyordu. 363 00:38:14,727 --> 00:38:19,323 Birinin bunu durdurması gerekiyordu, ve o biri 25 yaşında, 364 00:38:19,447 --> 00:38:23,076 Normandiya'nın Caen kasabasından Charlotte Corday'di. 365 00:38:24,527 --> 00:38:27,678 Kralcı değil devrim yanlısıydı aslında. 366 00:38:28,247 --> 00:38:31,523 Ancak Marat ve yandaşlarının amansız düşmanıydı da. 367 00:38:33,487 --> 00:38:38,641 Diktatörlüğün Özgürlük Cumhuriyetini küçük düşürdüğünü düşünüyordu. 368 00:38:42,087 --> 00:38:47,764 Kendisine kaderi ülkesini kurtarmak olan trajedi kahramanı görevini biçti. 369 00:38:51,247 --> 00:38:57,880 9 Temmuz 1793'te Charlotte Corday, yolunu Paris'e çevirmiş at arabasına bindi. 370 00:39:03,647 --> 00:39:07,322 Vardığında buraya, Palais Royale'e geldi, 371 00:39:07,407 --> 00:39:11,923 yeşil tüylü siyah bir şapka ve 15 santimlik bir bıçak aldı. 372 00:39:16,807 --> 00:39:19,560 Ucuz bir otel odasında neden Marat'yı 373 00:39:19,647 --> 00:39:24,038 öldürmek zorunda olduğunu açıklayan bir beyanat yazdı ve 374 00:39:24,127 --> 00:39:27,005 vaftiz belgesiyle birlikte elbisesine dikti. 375 00:39:35,567 --> 00:39:38,206 Corday cinayeti planlarken, 376 00:39:38,287 --> 00:39:41,723 David arkadaşı Marat'yı ziyaret ediyordu. 377 00:39:42,327 --> 00:39:44,841 Onu küvetinde masaya dönüştürülmüş, 378 00:39:44,927 --> 00:39:49,523 tersyüz edilmiş tahta bir kutuya yaslanmış halde buldu. 379 00:39:51,167 --> 00:39:55,683 Zaman az, ihbar edilecek vatan haini çoktu. 380 00:39:59,247 --> 00:40:03,399 Friend of People vatanseverlik görevine hiç ara vermiş miydi? 381 00:40:07,727 --> 00:40:13,165 Ertesi gün Charlotte Cordey rue des Cordeliers'den Marat'nın evine doğru yürüdü. 382 00:40:13,247 --> 00:40:18,958 Kapıda engellendi, yemi yutacağını ümit ederek Marat'yı komplolar hakkında uyaran elle yazılmış 383 00:40:19,047 --> 00:40:23,245 bir not iletmeye çalıştı. Cevap gelmedi. 384 00:40:26,767 --> 00:40:29,520 O akşam tekrar denedi. 385 00:40:30,287 --> 00:40:35,077 Vardığında iki adam ekmek ve gazete teslim ediyordu. 386 00:40:36,167 --> 00:40:38,078 İçerdeydi. 387 00:40:41,087 --> 00:40:46,559 Corday muhbirmiş gibi davrandı ve Marat'ya bir hainler listesi verdi. 388 00:40:48,127 --> 00:40:51,483 " Onları bir hafta içinde giyotinden geçirmiş olurum." dedi. 389 00:40:54,527 --> 00:40:56,358 Hepsi bu kadardı. 390 00:40:57,167 --> 00:41:01,922 Bıçak ortaya çıktı, Marat'nın göğsüne saplandı. 391 00:41:11,847 --> 00:41:16,204 Halkın dostu (Friend of People) devrime kayıp gitmişti. 392 00:41:16,767 --> 00:41:21,921 Ulusal Genel Kurulda kederli milletvekilleri içlerinden 393 00:41:22,007 --> 00:41:23,918 gelerek veya değil hüngür hüngür ağladı. 394 00:41:24,487 --> 00:41:28,878 En çok istedikleri şey, bence, Marat'nın onlara geri dönmesiydi. 395 00:41:28,967 --> 00:41:33,722 "Geri dön, geri dön. Sana ihtiyacımız var, tüm Fransa'nın sana ihtiyacı var." 396 00:41:34,327 --> 00:41:40,516 Sonra en dramatik milletvekillerinden biri ayağa kalktı ve bağırdı: 397 00:41:40,647 --> 00:41:45,198 "David, neredesin? Senin için bir görev daha var.", 398 00:41:49,727 --> 00:41:54,562 ve şiş yanaklı David mucizevi bir şekilde kendi sesini buldu. 399 00:41:55,087 --> 00:41:56,202 Yapacağım. 400 00:41:56,287 --> 00:41:57,925 "Yapacağım." dedi. 401 00:42:00,087 --> 00:42:02,282 " Marat'nın resmini yapacağım." 402 00:42:17,727 --> 00:42:21,515 Yazın ortasıydı, herhangi birinin hatırında kalabilecek en sıcak yaz. 403 00:42:24,767 --> 00:42:29,238 Mumyalayıcılar Marat'nın vücudunu cenaze için hazırlıyor, 404 00:42:29,327 --> 00:42:32,160 David'in direktifleriyle çalışıyor, fazla mesai yapıyorlardı 405 00:42:33,447 --> 00:42:38,282 ama normalde Marat'nın zar zor kırmızı olan rengi hızla yeşile dönüyordu. 406 00:42:43,247 --> 00:42:49,277 David Marat'nın dik şekilde oturtulmasını istiyordu, insanların iyiliği için çalışır şekilde görünmesini 407 00:42:49,967 --> 00:42:53,721 ama çürümeye yüz tutmuş ceset işbirliği yapmayı reddediyordu. 408 00:42:54,847 --> 00:43:01,320 Kederli halkın önüne çıkabilmesi ve sıranın geçmesi için parfüme boğulmuş şekilde yatırılması gerekti. 409 00:43:17,487 --> 00:43:21,526 Cenaze kaçınılmaz şekilde insanların hatıralarında sararıp soldu. 410 00:43:22,087 --> 00:43:24,885 Ancak tablo, hiçbir zaman sararıp solmayacaktı. 411 00:43:30,967 --> 00:43:33,686 Bu Marat'nın en iyi intikamıydı, 412 00:43:33,767 --> 00:43:37,840 çünkü her zaman meydanda olacağını garantiliyordu. 413 00:43:43,887 --> 00:43:50,520 Burada iyilik, dürüstlük ve vatansever benlikle başkalaştırılmış biri var. 414 00:43:51,847 --> 00:43:57,638 " Bakın ona" diyor David, " İnsanlığın en üst türünü göreceksiniz." 415 00:44:11,367 --> 00:44:13,597 Marat'yı düzelttiği kesin. 416 00:44:13,687 --> 00:44:17,282 Deri soğuk taşın rengine sahip, 417 00:44:18,607 --> 00:44:24,045 yara gözden kaçacak gibi değil ancak çarmıhtaki İsa'nın yarasına 418 00:44:24,127 --> 00:44:27,836 benzer şekilde zarif ve ince. 419 00:44:31,447 --> 00:44:34,439 Beyaz çarşaflar kefen görünümünde, 420 00:44:34,527 --> 00:44:40,523 bizim dünyamızla gelecek nesiller arasında salınan yüce adamı manevi bir şekilde sarmalıyorlar. 421 00:44:46,567 --> 00:44:49,320 Bu kült bir görüntü, 422 00:44:49,407 --> 00:44:52,240 ve size inanmanızı söylüyor. 423 00:44:59,687 --> 00:45:05,080 Dehası bunun aynı zamanda insanlar için bir hikaye oluşu gerçeğinde yatıyor. 424 00:45:05,167 --> 00:45:08,637 Bu sefer, kahraman Romalı değil, onlardan biri. 425 00:45:08,727 --> 00:45:12,083 Kalabalıktaki yüzler, Marseillaise'ın şarkıcıları için 426 00:45:12,167 --> 00:45:14,601 ilk büyük yapıt bu. 427 00:45:14,687 --> 00:45:20,159 David'in bütün aileleri bu tablonun önünde hayal ettiğini neredeyse hissedebiliyorsunuz, 428 00:45:20,247 --> 00:45:24,718 bir baba çocuğuna "Bak, mürekkep hokkası orada." diyor. 429 00:45:24,807 --> 00:45:31,121 " Bak, kötü kalpli Corday'in mektubu orada, iyi kalpli Marat'nın kanıyla lekelenmiş." 430 00:45:35,527 --> 00:45:40,647 Ama David Corday'i Marat'nın evine sokan mektubu göstermiyor, 431 00:45:40,727 --> 00:45:42,957 hainler listesi olan mektubu değil. 432 00:45:43,367 --> 00:45:45,085 Bu başka bir mektup. 433 00:45:45,167 --> 00:45:49,445 Marat'yı kendi kibarlığının kurbanı gibi gösterecek olan bir mektup. 434 00:45:51,087 --> 00:45:57,435 " İyi kalpliliğinize sahip olmaktan yaşadığım mutsuzluk yeter." diyor. 435 00:45:59,407 --> 00:46:05,642 Kutunun üzerinde başka bir mektup, savaşta düşmüş bir askerin dul karısından. 436 00:46:05,727 --> 00:46:09,925 Mektubun yanında Marat'nın göndermek üzere olduğu bağış. 437 00:46:11,327 --> 00:46:15,479 İki kadın, iyi kalpli anne ve kötü kalpli Corday. 438 00:46:18,727 --> 00:46:22,242 Marat'nın odasıymış gibi bir duygu verilmeye çalışılmamış burada. 439 00:46:22,367 --> 00:46:26,679 Duvara çaprazlama asılmış tabancalar yok, sahte kolonlar yok. 440 00:46:27,727 --> 00:46:33,643 Onun yerine, tablonun üst kısmının yarısı duvar veya sınırsız boşluk olabilecek 441 00:46:33,727 --> 00:46:37,845 gevşek, tüyümsü fırça darbeleriyle doldurulmuş. 442 00:46:39,727 --> 00:46:41,877 Sonsuzluğun boşluğu. 443 00:46:48,807 --> 00:46:52,800 Ama sonra o pürüzlü, kübik kutu... 444 00:46:54,327 --> 00:46:59,765 "O sizden biriydi." diyor kutu. " Fakir ve acı çekenlerden biri." 445 00:47:03,007 --> 00:47:04,998 " Ama artık ona ulaşamazsınız. 446 00:47:05,087 --> 00:47:09,126 "Kimse ulaşamaz, bunun aracılığı dışında kimse." 447 00:47:15,647 --> 00:47:18,286 Ama büyülenmiş biçimde dururken bile 448 00:47:18,367 --> 00:47:21,757 kafanızın içindeki başka bir ses " Bekle bir dakika, 449 00:47:21,847 --> 00:47:24,281 " bu yeryüzündeki en katıksız büyücülük." diyor. 450 00:47:24,447 --> 00:47:28,963 David'in burada yaptığı şey, en büyük zevki 451 00:47:29,047 --> 00:47:33,484 tek suçu politikaya kayıtsızlık olan 452 00:47:33,567 --> 00:47:38,482 binlerce insanı idam etmek olan bir paranoyağı ilahlaştırmak. 453 00:47:38,567 --> 00:47:41,639 Bu bir terör yardakçısı. 454 00:48:01,247 --> 00:48:05,923 Tabi ki sanata ihanet ettiği David'in aklına hiç gelmedi. 455 00:48:06,007 --> 00:48:11,035 " Oh hayır" derdi David, "Ben sanatın en yüce ve asil görevini yerine getiriyorum," 456 00:48:11,607 --> 00:48:14,280 "ahlakı yeniden öğretiyorum." 457 00:48:20,367 --> 00:48:24,485 " Bir zamanlar kiliselerde asılı olan altar panolarının yaptığı da buydu" 458 00:48:25,207 --> 00:48:29,598 "ama onların hepsi yalan ve perimasalından ibaret." 459 00:48:33,327 --> 00:48:37,878 " Artık yeni bir kilisemiz var, devrimci ahlak kilisesi." 460 00:48:42,407 --> 00:48:45,001 Peki David'i neden seviyorum? 461 00:48:45,087 --> 00:48:47,806 Aslında sevmiyorum. O bir canavar. 462 00:48:47,887 --> 00:48:51,436 Ama kuru buzun içindeki fikirleri alevlendiren biri o. 463 00:48:51,527 --> 00:48:55,839 Şahane bir propogandacı, daha fazlası değil. 464 00:48:55,927 --> 00:48:59,840 Albert Speer onun yanında hiç kalır. 465 00:49:03,647 --> 00:49:05,797 Peki tüm bunların amacı neydi? 466 00:49:05,887 --> 00:49:10,677 Eh, sohbet, muhabbet ve espritüellerden alınan bir intikamdı. 467 00:49:12,247 --> 00:49:14,078 Ama bundan daha fazlasıydı. 468 00:49:14,167 --> 00:49:19,321 Bu görenleri erdemli vatandaşlara dönüştürmek için tasarlanmış bir sanattı. 469 00:49:22,647 --> 00:49:29,280 O kadar mükemmel, trajik ve şiirsel ki neredeyse inanıyorsun. 470 00:49:31,487 --> 00:49:35,526 Ama insanlığı iyileştirmeyi amaçlayan tüm sanat eserleri gibi 471 00:49:35,607 --> 00:49:37,882 tam tersi etkisi var. 472 00:49:40,527 --> 00:49:42,836 Çünkü yalan. 473 00:50:00,767 --> 00:50:03,964 Marat'nın suikastinden üç ay sonra 474 00:50:04,047 --> 00:50:09,758 16 Ekim 1793'te Marie Antoinette giyotine gitti. 475 00:50:11,087 --> 00:50:14,397 İnsanlar ellerine tükürüp fıskayı 476 00:50:14,527 --> 00:50:16,802 zamanında kraliçe olan kadının yüzüne fırlatmaya çalışırken 477 00:50:16,887 --> 00:50:21,483 David Marie Antoniette'in araba içinde geçişini izledi. 478 00:50:22,327 --> 00:50:24,921 Ruhsuzca eskizini çizdi. 479 00:50:31,847 --> 00:50:37,319 Ama David'in akılnda Marie Antoinette'in kaderinden daha önemli şeyler vardı. 480 00:50:37,407 --> 00:50:41,798 Artık devrimci propagadadan tut pratik olarak geri kalan herşeyin reddine kadar 481 00:50:42,207 --> 00:50:45,882 tüm işlerin resmi yöneticisydi. 482 00:50:48,087 --> 00:50:52,444 Eşi coşkusunu kınadığında boşandı. 483 00:50:56,367 --> 00:51:01,919 David artık infazcı olmuştu, Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğünün başına geçmişti, 484 00:51:02,007 --> 00:51:07,843 politikaya kayıtsız namertleri avlıyor, idamlarının garanti belgesini imzalıyordu. 485 00:51:24,087 --> 00:51:26,203 Terör başlamıştı 486 00:51:26,287 --> 00:51:30,724 ve David muazzam ölüm makinesinin bir parçası olmuştu. 487 00:51:34,127 --> 00:51:37,881 Giyotinin temposu hızlandıkça, And as the tempo of the guillotine got faster, 488 00:51:38,247 --> 00:51:44,482 David kendini hiç olmadığı kadar abartılı törenlerle insanları eğiterek oyalıyordu. 489 00:51:46,247 --> 00:51:52,516 Binlerce oyuncu, topluca şarkı söyleyen bakireler, Bastille bölgesinde boy boy heykeller... 490 00:51:53,687 --> 00:51:57,123 Üstün varlık festivalinin yıldızlığını 491 00:51:57,207 --> 00:52:02,281 Devrimin yüksek mertebe rahibi Maximillen Robespierre yapıyor. 492 00:52:06,247 --> 00:52:10,206 Herşeyin sonunda David kendi başarısının kurbanıydı. 493 00:52:10,287 --> 00:52:14,997 Savaşı yürüten çıkarcı adamlar sakalın ve silahların önemli olduğunu, 494 00:52:15,087 --> 00:52:17,601 bakirelerin ve güvercinlerinse önem teşkil etmediğini biliyordu. 495 00:52:17,687 --> 00:52:22,317 Yani David sadece dikkat dağıtan bir şey değil aynı zamanda tehditti de. Kurtul gitsin ondan. 496 00:52:25,927 --> 00:52:31,399 David'in düşüşü içinden çıkılmaz bir şekilde Robespierre'in kaderiyle bağlantılıydı. 497 00:52:32,367 --> 00:52:35,086 Gittikçe artarak Robespierre'den Devrimin kurtarıcısı 498 00:52:35,167 --> 00:52:39,4457 değil tiran olarak bahsediliyor 499 00:52:39,527 --> 00:52:45,159 ve David de onun tiranlığının vitrin tasarımcısı olarak görülüyor, onunla birlikte düşeceği söyleniyordu. 500 00:52:46,487 --> 00:52:52,960 Kurulda Robespierre saldırıya uğramış, korkunç sözler dile getirilmişti: "kanundışı." 501 00:52:55,087 --> 00:52:59,239 Güvensizce David kendini gülünç duruma düşürdü. 502 00:52:59,327 --> 00:53:01,238 ''Robespierre'' diye bağırdı. 503 00:53:01,327 --> 00:53:05,036 "Baldıran otunu içersen ben de seninle içerim." 504 00:53:08,327 --> 00:53:10,204 Tabii ki içmedi. 505 00:53:10,727 --> 00:53:17,200 Ertesi gün David'in hevesi kaçmıştı, böylece kendi şehitliğiyle olan randevusunu kaçırdı. 506 00:53:17,287 --> 00:53:20,836 Robespierre giyotinden geçerken yanında değildi, 507 00:53:20,927 --> 00:53:24,283 sonunda bıçak terörün üzerine inmişti. 508 00:53:24,767 --> 00:53:27,645 Buna rağmen David için geldiler. 509 00:53:31,847 --> 00:53:37,399 Sanatın tiranı olarak damgalanmış şekilde, David savunmasını kekelemeye çalıştı. 510 00:53:38,167 --> 00:53:43,764 Kimse ne dediğini anlayamıyordu ama ne kadar solgun olduğunu, 511 00:53:44,887 --> 00:53:49,756 terin nasıl giysilerinden yere damladığını farketmişlerdi. 512 00:53:54,967 --> 00:54:00,644 Hapisteyken bazı tablolarını ele geçirmeyi başardı ve bu otoportreyi yaptı. 513 00:54:02,167 --> 00:54:07,560 Yüzünün yamukluğuna neden olan şişliği farkedebilirsiniz, 514 00:54:07,647 --> 00:54:10,605 ama bu gerçeğin ta kendisi. 515 00:54:11,407 --> 00:54:16,083 Çünkü gördüğümüz eski propaganda ustası değil, bu kesin, 516 00:54:16,327 --> 00:54:20,115 gördüğümüz en az 20 yaş genç, tamamen masum, 517 00:54:20,967 --> 00:54:24,926 saçları romantik biçimde darmadağınık, 518 00:54:25,487 --> 00:54:30,561 ceketi saf, saydam kalbini dışavuracak şekilde açık bırakılmış bir David 519 00:54:32,247 --> 00:54:35,876 ve tüm bunların ötesinde kendini palet ve fırçalarla yapmıştı. 520 00:54:36,767 --> 00:54:38,678 "Neden ben?" diyor tablo. 521 00:54:38,767 --> 00:54:40,439 "Ben sadece bir ressamım." 522 00:54:47,007 --> 00:54:48,963 Evet, doğru. 523 00:54:49,047 --> 00:54:52,562 Yoldan çıkmıştın, değil mi? Sadece işini yapıyordun? 524 00:54:52,647 --> 00:54:54,524 Hiç sanmıyorum. 525 00:54:59,487 --> 00:55:03,480 Tahmin edin bakalım ne oldu? Sanat bahanesi işe yaradı. 526 00:55:04,087 --> 00:55:05,839 David hapishaneden çıktı David got out of prison, 527 00:55:05,927 --> 00:55:12,321 ve geri kalan yıllarını bunun gibi muhteşem, tartışmasız portreler yaparak geçirdi. 528 00:55:13,327 --> 00:55:16,444 Kayınbiraderi Monsieur Seriziat. 529 00:55:18,007 --> 00:55:22,398 Ahlakçıların devriminin dönüştüğü şey buydu, 530 00:55:22,887 --> 00:55:27,563 moda aksesuarına indirgenmiş üç renkli Cumhuriyetçi bayrağı. 531 00:55:29,447 --> 00:55:33,599 Yaptığı tarih tabloları öldürülmesini engelleyen bahanelerdi. 532 00:55:34,887 --> 00:55:39,483 Demek artık Jacques-Louis David için politika yoktu, öyle mi? 533 00:55:48,287 --> 00:55:49,879 Yanlış. 534 00:55:49,967 --> 00:55:52,765 Eski şeytan hiçbir zaman yok olmaz. 535 00:55:53,927 --> 00:55:57,237 Bir kez gücün tadına vardın mı, hep öyle kalırsın. 536 00:55:57,727 --> 00:56:03,882 Boya tabancasıyla Marat'yı çizmişti, neden Napoleon'u çizmesindi ki? 537 00:56:14,087 --> 00:56:18,126 Napoleon 1805'te imparatorlukla taçlandırıldığında, 538 00:56:18,207 --> 00:56:23,156 David kölecesine onun tarafındaydı, onun resmi taçlandırıcısydı 539 00:56:25,167 --> 00:56:29,843 ama sonra tabii ki Napoleon yenildi, monarşi geri geldi. 540 00:56:31,407 --> 00:56:34,160 Napoleon severlerin çoğu affedilmişti, 541 00:56:36,567 --> 00:56:38,364 ama David değil. 542 00:56:41,847 --> 00:56:45,396 Hiçbir zaman affedilemeyecek bir şey yapmıştı. 543 00:56:47,767 --> 00:56:50,201 Dehşet tarafından üretilmiş en kötü şöhretli görüntüyü, 544 00:56:50,287 --> 00:56:54,121 bunu yapmıştı. 545 00:56:59,687 --> 00:57:03,600 Fransa'ya Jacques-Louis David'den gına gelmişti. 546 00:57:09,407 --> 00:57:14,083 Kendi ülkesinden kovulmuş David kendini Brüksel'de, 547 00:57:14,167 --> 00:57:18,877 giderek artan parlaklıktaki garipliğin tablolarını yaptığı yerde buldu. 548 00:57:18,967 --> 00:57:22,118 Küçücük gölde büyük balıktı. 549 00:57:23,007 --> 00:57:26,886 Fransa'da ondan genellikle eski sayı olarak bahsediyorlardı, 550 00:57:26,967 --> 00:57:30,676 "Oh, David Brütüs'ten başka bir şey değil. Hala ölmedi mi?" 551 00:57:33,807 --> 00:57:37,197 Aralık 1825'de gerçekten de öldüğünde, 552 00:57:37,287 --> 00:57:42,645 Paris'teki hükümet ailesine cenazesini ülkesine taşımak için izin vermedi. 553 00:57:43,607 --> 00:57:45,916 Kral katillerine izin yoktu. 554 00:57:49,767 --> 00:57:53,601 Oysa David'in tabloları satışa çıkmıştı bile. 555 00:57:53,687 --> 00:58:00,081 Öncesinde halkın önüne çıkarılmıştı, buna rağmen aralarında Marat yoktu. 556 00:58:01,887 --> 00:58:05,721 Marat,sanatçının oğlunun evinde koruma altında tutuluyordu. 557 00:58:06,207 --> 00:58:09,199 Özel anlaşmayla ülkeye kabul edilmişti. 558 00:58:12,607 --> 00:58:15,997 Bir kez baktığında nedenini anlıyorsunuz. 559 00:58:16,887 --> 00:58:21,756 Eğer şimdiye kadar güüzelliğin ölümcül olabileciğini söyleyen bir sanat eseri olduysa 560 00:58:22,407 --> 00:58:26,036 o da Jacques-Louis David'in Death of Marat'sıdır.
Turkish to English: Hummingbird Man General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - Turkish ORJİNAL METİN CHAPTER 1 The Hummingbird Man Newport, Rhode Island, August 1893 T HE VISITING HOUR WAS ALMOST OVER, SO the hummingbird man encountered only the occasional carriage as he pushed his cart along the narrow strip of road between the mansions of Newport and the Atlantic Ocean. The ladies of Newport had left their cards early that afternoon, some to prepare for the last and most important ball of the season, others so they could at least appear to do so. The usual clatter and bustle of Bellevue Avenue had faded away as the Four Hundred rested in anticipation of the evening ahead, leaving behind only the steady beat of the waves breaking on the rocks below. The light was beginning to go, but the heat of the day still shimmered from the white limestone façades of the great houses that clustered along the cliffs like a collection of wedding cakes, each one vying with its neighbour to be the most gorgeous confection. But the hummingbird man, who wore a dusty tailcoat and a battered grey bowler in some shabby approximation of evening dress, did not stop to admire the verandah at the Breakers, or the turrets of Beaulieu, or the Rhinelander fountains that could be glimpsed 3 HB072 - My Last Duchess 19/4/10 13:17 Page 3 through the yew hedges and gilded gates. He continued along the road, whistling and clicking to his charges in their black shrouded cages, so that they should hear a familiar noise on their last journey. His destination was the French chateau just before the point; the largest and most elaborate creation on a street of superlatives, Sans Souci, the summer cottage of the Cash family. The Union flag was flying from one tower, the Cash family emblem from the other. He stopped at the gatehouse and the porter pointed him to the stable entrance half a mile away. As he walked to the other side of the grounds, orange lights were beginning to puncture the pale marble twilight as footmen walked through the house and the grounds lighting Chinese lanterns in amber silk shades. Just as he turned past the terrace, he was dazzled by a low shaft of light from the dying sun refracted by the long windows of the ballroom. In the Hall of Mirrors, which visitors who had been to Versailles pronounced even more spectacular than the original, Mrs Cash, who had sent out eight hundred invitations for the ball that night, was looking at herself reflected into infinity. She tapped her foot, waiting impatiently for the sun to disappear so that she could see the full effect of her costume. Mr Rhinehart stood by, sweat dripping from his brow, perhaps more sweat than the heat warranted. ‘So I just press this rubber valve and the whole thing will illuminate?’ ‘Yes indeed, Mrs Cash, you just grasp the bulb firmly and all the lights will sparkle with a truly celestial effect. If I could just remind you that the moment must be short-lived. The batteries are cumbersome and I have only put as many on the gown as is compatible with fluid movement.’	Translation - English ÇEVİRİ BÖLÜM 1 Sinek Kuşu Adam Newport, Rhode Island, Ağustos 1893 Ziyaret saati neredeyse bitmişti, sinek kuşu adam el arabasını Newport ve Atlantik okyanusu arasındaki köşklerin dar yol şeritleri boyunca iterek sadece günlük yükleri taşıdı. Newportlu hanımların bazıları sezonun son ve en önemli balosuna hazırlanmak için, diğerleriyse en azından öyle yapıyormuş gibi görünmek için kimlik belgelerini akşama doğru bırakmışlardı. Bellevue Avenue’nun bilindik gürültü ve keşmekeşi, Four Hundred’ın yaklaşan akşamın sezgisiyle soluk alması üzerine geriye sadece aşağıda kayaların üstünde kırılan dalgaların istikrarlı titreşimlerini bırakarak dağıldı. Günün ışıkları sönmeye yüz tutmuştu ancak günün sıcaklığı halen kayalıklarda düğün pastası gibi kümelenmiş, her biri en iyi şekerleme olmak için komşusuyla yarışan görkemli evlerin beyaz, kireçtaşından ön cephelerinde titrekçe parıldıyordu. Ama gece kıyafetine uygunluğu pejmürdelik derecesinde olan tozlu bir frak ve eski püskü melon şapka giymiş sinek kuşu adam verandalara hayran olmak için Breakers’ta durmadı veya Beaulieu’nun kuleleri ya da göz gezdirilebilecek porsuk ağaçlarıyla ve sırmalı kapılarla çevrili Rhinelander çeşmeleri için de. Son yolculuklarında tanıdık bir ses duysunlar diye, siyah örtülü kafeslerindeki emanetlerine yol boyunca ıslık çalarak ve dil şaklatarak devam etti. Varış adresi hedeften hemen önceki Fransız şatosuydu; eşsizler sokağındaki en büyük ve en gösterişli oluşum; Sans Souci, Cash ailesinin yazlık köşkü. Bir kuleden Birlik bayrağı, diğerinden Cash ailesinin amblemi sallanıyordu. Kapıcı kulübesinde durdu, kapı görevlisi ona yarım mil ötedeki devamlı girişi gösterdi. Arsanın diğer tarafına yürüdükçe, uşaklar evin içinde koşturduğu ve yer aydınlatması Çin fenerleri amber ipeksiliğindeki gölgeler oluşturuyordu, turuncu ışıklar solgun hareli alacakaranlığa küçük delikler açmaya başlamıştı. Sıra evleri tam geçmişti ki, balo salonunun uzun camlarıyla kırılan, ölmeye yüz tutmuş güneşin ışıklarının zayıf aydınlığı gözlerini kamaştırdı. Ziyaretçilerin telaffuzu orijinalinden daha da görkemli Versailles’da ziyaret ettikleri Aynalar Salonu’nda, o gece balo için sekiz yüz davet yollamış olan Bayan Cash, sonsuzluğa yansıyan kendi görüntüsüne bakıyordu. Elbisesinin tam etkisini görebilmek için güneşin bir an önce kaybolmasını sabırsızca bekleyerek ayağını hafifçe yere vurdu. Sıcağın garanti ettiğinden de fazla terleyen ve kaşlarından terler süzülen Bay Rhinehart yanında oturuyordu. ‘ Yani bu plastik kapakçığı bastıracağım ve her şey aydınlanacak öyle mi?’ ‘Gerçekten de öyle Bayan Cash, siz sadece ampulü sıkı sıkı kavrayın ve tüm ışıklar semavi etkisiyle parlayacak. Anın kısa ömürlü olduğunu size hatırlatmalıyım. Piller kullanışsız ve elbiseye sadece sıvının devinimine uyum sağlayacak kadar koydum.’
Turkish to English: The Neon Rain: A Dave Robicheaux Novel General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - Turkish THE EVENING SKY WAS STREAKED WITH PURPLE, THE color of torn plums, and a light rain had started to fall when I came to the end of the blacktop road that cut through twenty miles of thick, almost impenetrable scrub oak and pine and stopped at the front gate of Angola penitentiary. The anticapital-punishment crowd—priests, nuns in lay clothes, kids from LSU with burning candles cupped in their hands—were praying outside the fence. But another group was there too—a strange combination of frat boys and rednecks—drinking beer from Styrofoam coolers filled with cracked ice; they were singing “Glow, Little Glow Worm,” and holding signs that read THİS BUD İS FOR YOU, MASSİNA AND JOHNNY, START YOUR OWN SİZZLER FRANCHİSE TODAY. Akşamın göğü dalından kopartılmış eriklerin rengine, mora boyanmıştı ve “I’m Lieutenant Dave Robicheaux, New Orleans police department,” I said to one of the guards on the gate. I opened my badge for him. “Oh yeah, Lieutenant. I got your name on my clipboard. I’ll ride with you up to the Block,” he said, and got in my car. His khaki sleeves were rolled over his sunburned arms, and he had the flat green eyes and heavy facial bones of north Louisiana hill people. He smelled faintly of dried sweat, Red Man, and talcum powder. “I don’t know which bunch bothers me worse. Those religious people act like we’re frying somebody for a traffic citation, and those boys with the signs must not be getting much pussy over at the university. You staying for the whole thing?” “Nope.” “Did you nail this guy or something?” “He was just a low-level button man I used to run in once in a while. I never got him on anything. In fact, I think he screwed up more jobs than he pulled off. Maybe he got into the mob through Affirmative Action.” The guard didn’t laugh. He looked out the window at the huge, flat expanse of the prison farm, his eyes narrowing whenever we passed a trusty convict walking along the dirt road. The main living area of the prison, a series of two story, maximum-security dormitories contained within a wire fence and connected by breezeways and exercise yards and collectively called the Block, was as brilliantly lit as cobalt in the rain, and in the distance I could see the surgically perfect fields of sugar cane and sweet potatoes, the crumbling ruins of the nineteenth-century camps silhouetted against the sun’s red afterglow, the willows bent in the breeze along the Mississippi levee, under which many a murdered convict lay buried. “They still keep the chair in the Red Hat House?” I said. “You got it. That’s where they knock the fire out their ass. You know how the place come by that name?” “Yes,” I said, but he wasn’t listening. “Back before they started putting the mean ones in lockdown in the Block, they worked them down by the river and made them wear striped jumpers and these red-painted straw hats. Then at night they stripped them down, body-searched them, then run them into the Red Hat House and threw their clothes in after them. There wasn’t no screens on the windows, and them mosquitoes would make a Christian out of a man when a baseball bat couldn’t.” I parked the car and we entered the Block, passed through the first lockdown area, where both the snitches and the dangerous ones stayed, walked down the long, brilliantly lit breezeway between the recreation yards into the next dormitory, passed through another set of hydraulic locks and a dead space where two hacks sat at a table playing cards and where a sign overhead read no guns beyond this point, into the rec and dining halls where the black trustees were running electric waxers on the gleaming floors, and finally walked up the spiral iron steps to a small maximum-security corner where Johnny Massina was spending the last three hours of his life. The guard from the gate left me, and another one pulled the single lever that slid back the cell door. Johnny wore a white shirt, a pair of black slacks, and black Air Force shoes with white socks. His wiry gray and black hair was dripping with sweat, and his face was the color and texture of old paper. He looked up at me from where he was seated on his bunk, and his eyes were hot and bright and moisture was beaded across his upper lip. He held a Camel cigarette between his yellowed fingers, and the floor around his feet was covered with cigarette butts. “Streak, I’m glad you come. I didn’t know if you were going to make it,” he said. “How you doing, Johnny?” His hands clutched his thighs and he looked at the floor, then back at me. I saw him swallow. “How scared you ever been?” he said. “In Vietnam I had some moments.” “That’s right. You were over there, weren’t you?” “Way back in ’64, before it got real hot.” “I bet you were a good soldier.” “I was just a live one, that’s all.” I felt instantly stupid at my remark. He saw the regret in my face. “Don’t worry about it,” he said. “I got a whole bunch of shit to tell you. Look, you remember when you took me to a couple of those AA meets, that step you guys take when you want to confess something, what’d you call it?” “Step Five, admitting to yourself, God, and somebody else the exact nature of your faults.” “That’s it. Well, I done it. To a colored preacher, yesterday morning. I told him every bad thing I ever done.” “That’s good, Johnny.” “No, you listen. I told him the truth and I come clean with some really heavy shit, sexual things I always been ashamed of and I never understood. You know what I mean? I didn’t keep nothing back. I also told him about the two guys I whacked in my life. I dumped one guy over the rail of a passenger liner on the way to Havana, and in 1958 I took out Bugsy Siegel’s cousin with a shotgun. You know what it means to ice a relative of Bugsy Siegel? After I confessed it to the preacher, I told the guard and the assistant warden about it. You know these dumb cocksuckers couldn’t care less? “Wait a minute, let me finish. I told all this stuff because somebody’s got to believe I didn’t snuff that broad. I wouldn’t throw no young girl out a hotel window, Streak. I got no kick coming about being fried. I figure it all comes out even in the end, but I want these bastards to know I only pushed the button on guys that played by the same rules I did. Can you relate to that?” “I think so. I’m glad you did a fifth step, too, Johnny.” He smiled for the first time. His face glistened in the light. “Hey, tell me something. Is it true Jimmie the Gent is your brother?” “You hear a lot of bullshit in the street.” “You both got that black Cajun hair with a white patch in it, like you got skunk blood in you.” He laughed. His mind was now moving away from the ride he would take in three hours, manacled in a waist chain, to the Red Hat House. “Once he contracted us for some poker machines for his places. After we put them in we told him he gets all his machines from us—cigarettes, Pac-Man, and rubbers. So he says no rubbers, he’s got class clubs and he don’t put rubber machines in them. So we tell him he don’t have a choice, he either buys the whole line or he don’t get linen service, the Teamsters put a picket up on his sidewalk, and the parish health office finds out his dishwashers got leprosy. So what’s he do? He invites Didoni Giacano—Didi Gee himself—and his whole family for lasagna at his restaurant, and they arrive on Sunday afternoon like a bunch of cafoni that just got off the boat from Palermo, because Didi thinks Jimmie has got respectable connections and is going to get him into the Knights of Columbus or something. Didi Gee probably weighs three hundred pounds and he’s covered with hair like an animal and he scares the crap out of everybody in downtown New Orleans, but his mama is this little dried-up Sicilian lady that looks like a mummy wrapped in black rags and she still hits Didi on the hands with a spoon when he reaches across the table and don’t ask. “So in the middle of dinner Jimmie starts telling Mama Giacano what a great guy Didi Gee is, how everybody down at the Chamber of Commerce and Better Business Bureau think he’s a big plus for the city, and how Didi don’t let anybody push his friends around. For example, he says, some scumbags tried to put some machines in Jimmie’s restaurants that Jimmie, a Catholic man, don’t want. Mama Giacano might look like she’s made out of dried-up pasta, but her hot little black eyes tell everybody she knows what he’s talking about. Then Jimmie says Didi tore them machines out, smashed them up with hammers, and run a truck up and down on them behind the restaurant. “Didi Gee’s got a mouthful of beer and raw oysters and almost chokes to death. He’s spitting glop all over his plate, his kids are beating him on the back, and he coughs up an oyster that could plug a sewer main. Mama Giacano waits till his face ain’t purple anymore, then tells him she didn’t raise her son to eat like a herd of pigs and says he should go wash out his mouth in the bathroom because everybody else at the table is getting sick looking at him, and when he don’t get up right away she busts him across the knuckles with her spoon. Then Jimmie says he wants to take the whole family out on his sailboat and maybe Didi Gee ought to join the Yacht Club, too, because all these millionaires think he’s a swell guy, and besides, Mama Giacano would really love the Italian-American celebrations they have on the Fourth of July and Columbus Day. And even if Didi don’t join, which everybody knows he won’t because he hates water and pukes his guts out just crossing the Mississippi ferry, Jimmie is going to drive out and get Mama Giacano whenever she wants and sail her all around Lake Pontchartrain.” He laughed again and ran his hand through his wet hair. He licked his lips and shook his head, and I saw the fear come back into his eyes. “I bet he already told you that story, didn’t he?” he said. “They didn’t give me too long, Johnny. Is there something else you wanted to tell me?” “Yeah, there is. You always treated me decent and I thought maybe I could repay you a little bit.” He wiped the sweat out of his eyes with the flat of his fingers. “I think maybe I got some heavy dues to pay on the other side, too. It don’t hurt to try to square what you can now, does it?” “You don’t owe me.”	Translation - English AKŞAM GÖĞÜ DALINDAN KOPARILMIŞ ERİĞİN MORUNA BOYANMIŞTI, Angola Hapishanesi kapısının önündeki yirmi millik kalın, neredeyse nüfuz edilemez meşe ve çam çalılıklarını ortadan kesen asfaltın sonuna geldiğimde hafif bir yağmur başlamıştı. Antikapital-terbiye kalabalığı—rahipler, mürit kılığında rahibeler, açılmış avuçlarında yanan mumlarla LSU’dan çocuklar— çitlerin arkasında dua ediyorlardı. Başka bir grup da ordaydı—okul derneğinden çocuklar ve taşralı beyazlar— kırılmış buzlarla dolu Styrofoam soğutucusundan biralarını içiyorlardı; “Glow, Little Glow Worm” şarkısını söylüyor ve “BU SÖMEK SİZİN İÇİN, MASSİNA VE JOHNNY, CIZIRDAYAN SATIŞA BUGÜN BAŞLAYIN” yazan pankartlar tutuyorlardı. “Ben Yüzbaşı Dave Robicheaux, New Orleans polis departmanından” dedim kapıdaki gardiyanlardan birine. Ona rozetimi gösterdim. “Oh, evet Yüzbaşı, panoda isminiz var. sizi Block’a kadar geçireceğim,” dedi ve arabama bindi. Khaki manşetleri güneş yanığı kollarının yukarısında kıvrılmıştı, boş, yeşil gözlere ve kuzey Louisiana tepelerinden gelen insanların sert, kemikli yüzüne sahipti. Hafiften kurumuş ter, Red Man ve talk pudrası kokuyordu. “Hangi grup daha çok canımı sıkıyor bilmiyorum. Şu dindar olanlar ceza makbuzu kestiğimizde sanki birini kızartıyormuşuz gibi davranıyorlar ve şu elinde pankart olan çocuklar üniversitede bu kadar çok mala vurmamalılar. Sen olayın tamamı için mi buradasın? “Hayır.” “Sen mi enseledin bu adamı yoksa?” “Arada bir tutukladığım alt kademe bir adamdı sadece. Onu suç üstü yakalamadım hiç. Doğrusu, batırdığı iş becerdiklerinden daha çoktur. Belki çeteye torpilli girmiştir.” Gardiyan gülmedi. Pencereden hapishane çiftliğinin dev, dümdüz genişliğine baktı, toprak yolda ne zaman yanımızdan sadık bir mahkum geçse gözleri kısılıyordu. Hapishanenin asıl civcivli bölgesi iki sıra kattan oluşuyordu, maksimum güvenlikli koğuşlar tel çitin içinde kalıyordu ve tüneller ve spor alanıyla birbirine bağlanıyordu ve hepsine Blok deniyordu, yağmurda kobalt gibi parıl parıl yanıyordu ve uzakta cerrahi mükemmellikte şeker kamışı ve tatlı patates tarlalarını görebiliyordum, ondokuzuncu yüzyıl kamplarınınn ufalanan kalıntıları güneşin son parıltılarında silüetlerini sergiliyordu, altında birçok hüküm giymiş katilin gömülü yattığı söğütler Mississippi rıhtımı boyunca esen melteme boyun eğmişti. “Sandalye hala Red Hat House’ta mı?” dedim. “Aynen. Kıçlarından ateşin çıktığı yer orası. Yerin adı nasıl öyle oldu biliyor musun?” “Evet” dedim ama dinlemiyordu. “ Aşağılıkları Block’da kilit altında tutmaya başlamadan önce, aşağıda nehrin kenarında çalıştırıyorlardı, çizgili kazak ve şu kırmızı renkli hasır şapkalardan giydirirlerdi. Sonra geceleri hepsini çırılçıplak soyar, vücut araması yapar, Red Hat House’a götürür ve giysilerini arkalarından fırlatırlardı. Pencerelerde hiç perde yoktu ve beyzbol sopasının yapamadığını sivrisinekler yapar, adamın içindeki Hristiyanı ortaya çıkarırdı. Arabayı parkettim ve Blok’a girdik, muhbirlerin ve tehlikeli olanların kaldığı ilk tecrit alanını geçtik, boylu boyunca yürüdük, avluyla bir sonraki koğuş arasındaki tünel pırıl pırıl yanıyordu, yine bir takım hidrolik kilitlerin önünden ve iki beygirin bir masada kart oynadıkları, tepede bu bölgeden sonra silah yoktur işareti olan ölü bölgeden siyah güvenilir mahkumların parıltılı yerde cila makinesini dolandırdığı dinlenme ve yemek salonuna geçtik. Sonunda sarmal demir merdivenleri çıkıp Johnny Massina’nın hayatının son üç saatini harcadığı küçük, maksimum güvenlikli köşeye vardık. Girişten beri yanımda gelen gardiyan ayrıldı, bir diğeri hücre kapısını açan kolu çevirdi. Johnny beyaz bir tişört, bir çift siyah pantolon ve beyaz çoraplarla siyah Hava Kuvvetleri ayakkabıları giymişti. Fırçamsı gribeyaz saçları terden sırılsıklam olmuştu ve yüzü eski kağıt rengi ve dokusundaydı. Oturduğu yatağından bana doğru baktı, gözleri ateşli ve parlaktı, üst dudağı nemden boncuk boncuk olmuştu. Sararmış parmakları arasında Camel’ı tuttu, ayaklarının etrafında yerler sigara izmaritleriyle dolmuştu. “Gelmene sevindim. Gelebileceğinden emin değildim.” dedi. “Nasıl gidiyor Johnny?” Elleri bacaklarını sıkıca yakaladı ve yere, sonra bana baktı. Yutkunduğunu gördüm. “Hayatında en çok ne kadar korkmuştun?” “Vietnam’da bazı anlarım olmuştu.” “Doğru. Oraya gitmiştin, değil mi?” “64’te, ortalık kızışmadan önce.” “İyi bir asker olduğuna bahse girerim.” “Sadece canlı bir askerdim, o kadar.” Yorumumun saçmalığını anında hissettim. Yüzümdeki pişmanlığı gördü. “Canını sıkma” dedi. “Anlatacağım tonla boktan şey var. Hey, hatırlıyor musun beni şu Adsız Alkolikler toplantılarından birkaçına götürdüğünde, şu siz elemanların bir şey itiraf etmek istediğinde geçtiği adım, ne diyordunuz ona?” “Beşinci adım, kendine, Tanrıya ve senin yanlışlarının niteliğindeki başka birine itiraf etmek.” “Evet o. Eh, ben yaptım. Zenci bir vaize, dün sabah. Şimdiye kadar yaptığım tüm kötü şeyleri ona anlattım.” “Bu iyi Johnny.” “Hayır, dinle. Ona gerçeği anlattım ve gerçekten ağır tüm o boktan şeylerden arındım, hep utandığım ve hiç anlamadığım seksle ilgili şeyler. Neyi kastettiğimi anladın mı? Hiçbir şeyi saklamadım. Hayatım boyunca hakladığım iki adamı da anlattım. Bir elemanı Havana’ya giderken yolcu gemisinin küpeştesinden aşağı fırlattım ve 1958’de Bugsy Siegel’ın kuzenini av tüfeğiyle temizledim. Vaize itiraf ettikten sonra gardiyan ve müdür yardımcısına anlattım. Bilirsin bu aşağılık heriflerin umrunda değil.” “Bekle bir dakika, bırak bitireyim. Bütün bu şeyleri anlattım çünkü birinin bana inanması lazım, o kızların kokusunu almamıştım. Otel penceresinden genç kız fırlatmazdım, yemin. Kızartılacak olmaktan korkmuyorum. Herşeyin en nihayetinde eşitlendiğini anladım ama bu piçlerin bilmesini istiyorum, düğmesine bastığım elemanlarla oynadığımız oyunun kuralları hepimiz için aynıydı, bağlantıyı kurabiliyor musun?” “Sanırım. Beşinci adımı yapmana sevindim Johnny.” İlk defa gülümsedi. Işıkta yüzü parıldadı. “Hey, söyle bana. Jimmie the Gent’in kardeşin olduğu doğru mu?” “Sokakta çok fazla palavra duyuyorsun.” “İkinizin de beyaz yamalı siyah Cajun rengi saçları var, sanki kokarca kanı var sizde.” Güldü. Şimdi aklı, üç saat sonra belinden kelepçelenmiş halde Red Hat House’a yapacağı yolculuktan uzaklaşıyordu. “Bir keresinde mekanları için poker makinası anlaşması yapmıştı bizimle. Makineleri yerleştirdikten sonra tüm makineleri—sigara, Pac-Man, prezervatif bizden alacağını söyledik. Prezervatif yok dedi, klas klübleri vardı ve onlara prezervatif makineleri koymazdı. E biz de seçeneği olmadığını, ya tüm seriyi alacağını ya da çamaşır hizmeti alamayacağını söyledik, Teamsters yolunun üstüne bir gözcü dikti ve kilise sağlık bürosu bulaşık makinesinde cüzzam tespit etti. Peki o ne yaptı? Didoni Giacano—Didi Gee’nin kendisi— ve tüm ailesini restaurantında lazanya yemeye davet etti. Pazar öğlen Palermo’da tekneden yeni inmiş bir grup cafoni (1) gibi geldiler çünkü Didi Jimmie’nin hatırı sayılır bağlantıları olduğunu düşünüyordu ve onu Kolomb’un Şovalyeleri’ne falan sokacaktı. Didi Gee yaklaşık 140 kiloydu ve her tarafı hayvan gibi kıllarla kaplıydı. New Orleans’ta herkesin ödünü koparırdı ama annesi siyah paçavralara sarılmış mumya benzeri kara kuru Sicilyalı bir kadındı ve masada sormadan yemeğe uzandığında halen kaşıkla Didi’nin eline vururdu. “Sonra yemeğin ortasında Jimmie, Giacano anneye Didi Gee’nin ne harika adam olduğunu, Ticaret Odası’ndaki herkesin onun şehir için nasıl büyük bir artı olduğunu düşündüğünü ve Didi’nin kimseye arkadaşlarını itip kakmasına izin vermediğini anlatmaya başladı. Örneğin, bazı şerefsizler Jimmie’nin restaurantına Katolik bir adamın, Jimmie’nin istemediği birkaç makine koymaya çalıştı, demişti. Giacano anne kurumuş pastadan yapılmış gibi görünebilirdi ama ateşli küçük siyah gözleri Jimmie’nin neden bahsettiğini anladığını herkese gösteriyordu. Sonra Jimmie Didi’nin makineleri paraladığını, çekiçlerle parçaladığını ve restaurantın arkasında kamyonla üstlerinden bir ileri bir geri gidip geldiğini söyledi. “Didi Gee’nin ağzı bira ve çiğ istiridyeyle dolmuştu ve neredeyse boğuluyor. Lokmayı tabağına tükürüyor ve çocukları arkadan vurup duruyor, öksürüyor ve ağzından çıkan istiridye lağımı tıkayabilecek büyüklükte. Giacano anne Didi’nin yüzü morarmayı kesene kadar bekliyor ve sonra oğlunu domuz sürüsü gibi yesin diye büyütmediğini söylüyor. Banyoya gidip elini yüzünü yıkamasını çünkü masada geri kalan herkesin yüzüne bakmaktan midesinin bulandığını ve hemen kalkıp gitmezse kaşıkla gününü göstereceğini söylüyor. Sonra Jimmie tüm aileyi yelkenli teknesiyle gezdirmek istediğini ve Didi Gee’nin de belki Yat Külübü’ne katılabileceğini çünkü tüm o milyonerlerin onun havalı herif olduğunu düşündüklerini söylüyor. Hem Giacano anne Bağımsızlık ve Kolombus Günü’nde yaptıkları İtalyan-Amerikan kutlamalarına bayılacaktır. Üstelik Didi katılmasa bile- herkes biliyor ki katılmayacak çünkü sudan nefret eder ve Mississipi feribotuyla karşıya geçerken bile içi dışına çıkar, Jimmie arabayla gelip Giacano anneyi istediği zaman alır ve Pontchartrain Gölü’nde tekneyle gezintiye çıkarır.” Tekrar güldü ve elini ıslak saçlarında gezdirdi. Dudaklarını yaladı ve başını salladı ve korkunun tekrar gözlerine hücum ettiğini gördüm. “Bahse girerim bu hikayeyi sana zaten anlatmıştı, değil mi?” “Çok zaman vermediler bana Johnny. Bana söylemek istediğin başka bir şey var mı?” “Evet var. Bana hep düzgün davrandın ve belki biraz sana karşılığını verebilirim.” Avucuyla gözündeki teri sildi. “Öteki tarafta ödemem gereken ağır borçlarım var belki. Şimdi yapabilecekken borcunu ödemeye çalışmaktan zarar gelmez, değil mi? “Bana borçlu değilsin.” Ç.N.: cafoni: (İtalyanca) Köylü.

Graduate diploma - Ege University

Years of experience: 15. Registered at ProZ.com: Mar 2012. Became a member: Dec 2019.

Turkish to English

English to Turkish

English to Turkish (TURÇEF, verified)
Turkish to English (Chartered Institute of Linguists, verified)
English to Turkish (Chartered Institute of Linguists, verified)
Turkish to English (Ege University, verified)
Turkish to English (Chartered Institute of Linguists)

N/A

MateCat, memoQ, MemSource Cloud, OmegaT, SDLX, Smartcat, Smartling, Subtitle Edit, Subtitle Editor, Subtitle Workshop, Trados Studio, Wordfast

http://www.linguaphile.uk/en

English (PDF)

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Bio

Copywriter /CIOL Member and Chartered Linguist/English - Turkish

Interpreter/Translator/Content Writer/Proofreader/Editor/Book
Translator
Finsbury Park, England, United Kingdom

Summary
• Multilingual: Turkish, English. Conversant in Spanish and
Portuguese.
• Cosmopolitan: At ease living among different cultures.
• Copywriting in English and Turkish
• Translation (Turkish < > English): technical, medical, financial,
academic, legal, marketing, subtitling.
• Interpreting (Turkish < > English): consecutive, court
• Editing: proofreading, technical
• Writing: web, academic, copy
• EFL instruction
What are my areas of specialty?
• Law
• Official documents
• Professional communication
• Technical
• Finance
• Cinema & TV
• Academia
• Web content
• Promotional materials
Who have I worked for?
• Giorgio Armani
• Akbank
• Abalioglu
• City of Umraniye
• Buyukharf Press
• Altikirkbes Press
• TCDD (Turkish State Railways)
• Ege University
• Turkish Ministry of Tourism & Culture
• Oncall Interpreters
• PAB Language
• Absolute Interpreting
• DA Languages

This user has reported completing projects in the following job categories, language pairs, and fields.

Project History Summary
Total projects	3
With client feedback	0
Corroborated	0

0 positive (0 entries)
positive	0
neutral	0
negative	0

Job type
Translation	2
Interpreting	1

Language pairs
English to Turkish	3
Turkish to English	2
	1

Specialty fields

Other fields
Government / Politics	1
Medical (general)	1
Medical: Dentistry	1

Keywords: Turkish, English, Academic articles, Technical, Legal documents, art documents, documentaries, proofreading, interpreting, content writing. See more.Turkish, English, Academic articles, Technical, Legal documents, art documents, documentaries, proofreading, interpreting, content writing, editing, medical translation, legal translation. See less.

Profile last updated
May 14

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