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English to Portuguese: An article from the Internet I picked up General field: Other Detailed field: Surveying
Source text - English Cancer death rates have dropped. But
experts warn obesity may soon drive the
disease
U.S. cancer death rates for men, women and communities of color are falling, but obesity and unequal access to care could threaten hard-fought gains over the past two decades, a new report shows.
The annual American Cancer Society report, which measures cancer cases and deaths through 2018, paints a mixed picture of the nation's effort to combat the second leading cause of death, said Farhad Islami, the report's lead author and American Cancer Society's scientific director of cancer disparity research.
Death rates for lung cancer and melanoma improved significantly, but recent progress on breast and colon cancer deaths slowed, and prostate cancer death rates flattened after years of decline, the report said.
Experts said long-standing efforts to curb cigarette smoking and tobacco use along with improved medical care have yielded significant improvements in lung cancer deaths.
"The decrease in smoking is a huge reason," said Dr. Otis Brawley, a professor at Johns Hopkins University and former chief medical officer at American Cancer Society. "Keep in mind it is not just lung cancer, but smoking causes 18 different cancers."
New medications to treat people with melanoma that spread to other parts of the body also improved survival rates, Islami said.
The new report, published in the The Journal of the National Cancer Institute, includes death rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity from 2001 through 2018 based on death certificates reported to states and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics.
Cancer diagnoses up, death rates down in US: Here's how each state ranks
Overall, cancer death rates fell at a faster rate from 2015 to 2018 compared with rates since 2001. Cancer death rates for men dropped 2.3% per year from 2015 to 2018, a faster than 1.8% decline each year from 2001 to 2015. Among women, cancer deaths dropped 2.1% per year from 2015 to 2018, compared with 1.4% per year from 2001 to 2015.
Cancer death rates also dropped among all racial and ethnic group from 2014 to 2018. But death rates overall remain higher among Blacks compared with whites and other racial and ethnic groups.
Despite slowing death rates in most types of cancer for men and women, not all trends were positive. Death rates increased from cancer in the brain, nervous system and pancreas among men and women. In men, oral and throat cancers are on the rise, and liver and uterine cancers in women.
However, experts warn that obesity could soon overtake smoking as the nation’s main driver of new cancer cases. And the figures show positive strides on common cancers such as breast and colon cancers have slowed. "One possible factor is rising obesity", Islami said.
Brawley agrees an "energy imbalance" of eating too much and not exercising enough is putting more Americans at risk for cancer. Brawley cited previous research that predicted such rising obesity and lack of exercise would usurp tobacco this decade as the leading cause of cancer.
"Think about tobacco control pushing the rate down and energy imbalance pushing the rate up at the same time, "Brawley said. "And by the way, the cancers that are going up or the cancers that are not going down in death rate in this study are the ones most closely associated with energy imbalance."
The data does not captures cancer cases and deaths since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, but researchers fear a slowdown in screening during lockdowns could mean doctors and patients are missing early-stage cases.
"They may be diagnosed a year later," Islami said. "Increasing the proportion of cancers at a more advanced stage will eventually translate to higher death rates, unfortunately."
Translation - Portuguese Índices de morte por câncer têm caído. Mas
especialistas alertam que a obesidade logo
poderá ser uma causa para a doença
Índices de morte por câncer em homens, mulheres e comunidades de cor nos EUA estão caindo, mas a obesidade e o acesso desigual à assistência médica poderiam ameaçar conquistas importantes ao longo das últimas décadas, conforme mostra um novo relatório.
O relatório anual da Sociedade Americana do Câncer, que mensura casos de câncer e mortes durante 2018, mostra um quadro dos esforços da nação em combater a segunda causa líder de mortes, disse Farhad Islami, autor principal do relatório e diretor científico da pesquisa de disparidade do câncer na Associação Americana do Câncer.
Índices de morte por câncer de pulmão e melanoma melhoraram significativamente, mas mortes por câncer de cólon e útero que vinham progredindo apenas desaceleraram, e índices de morte por câncer de próstata se estabilizaram após anos de declínio, informa o relatório.
Especialistas disseram que esforços de longa data em controlar o fumo e o uso de tabaco, junto com assistências médicas melhoradas, têm rendido significantes melhoras nas mortes por câncer de pulmão.
"A diminuição no fumo é uma enorme razão", disse o Dr. Otis Brawley, professor na universidade Johns Hopkins e diretor médico na Associação Americana do Câncer. "Tenha em mente que não é só o câncer de pulmão. Fumar causa 18 tipos diferentes de câncer".
Novos medicamentos para tratar pessoas com melanoma, que se espalha por outras partes do corpo, também melhoraram os índices de sobrevivência, disse Islami.
O novo relatório publicado pelo The Journal of the National Cancer Institute inclui índices de morte separados por sexo, raça e etnia de 2001 a 2018, baseados em atestados de óbito relatados a estados e ao Centro Nacional de Estatísticas da Saúde, dos Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças.
EUA: diagnósticos de câncer em alta, índices de morte baixos. Veja aqui como cada estado se classifica
Em geral, índices de morte por câncer caíram num ritmo mais rápido de 2015 a 2018 em comparação com os de desde 2001. Em homens, os índices caíram 2.3% ao ano de 2015 a 2018, um declínio mais rápido que o de 1.8% de cada ano de 2001 a 2015. Entre mulheres, mortes por câncer caíram 2.1% ao ano de 2015 a 2018, comparadas com 1.4% ao ano de 2001 a 2015.
Índices de morte por câncer também caíram entre todo o grupo racial e étnico de 2014 a 2018. Mas os índices de morte de forma geral permanecem mais altos entre negros em comparação com brancos e outros grupos raciais e étnicos.
Apesar da desaceleração nos índices de morte na maioria dos tipos de câncer em homens e mulheres, nem todas as tendências foram positivas. Índices de morte aumentaram devido ao câncer no cérebro, sistema nervoso e pâncreas entre homens e mulheres. Em homens, os cânceres de boca e garganta estão em crescimento, bem como os cânceres de fígado e útero em mulheres.
No entanto, especialistas alertam que a obesidade pode em breve ultrapassar o fumo como principal fator causador de novos casos de câncer na nação, apesar de os números mostrarem avanços positivos em relação a cânceres mais comuns, tais como os de mama e cólon, que têm desacelerado. "Um possível fator está originando a obesidade", disse Islami.
Brawley admite que um "desequilíbrio energético" no comer demais e não fazer exercícios o suficiente está colocando mais americanos em risco de desenvolver câncer. Brawley citou uma pesquisa anterior que previu que essa crescente obesidade e falta de exercícios tomaria o lugar do tabaco nesta década como a causa líder de câncer.
"Pense no controle de tabaco colocando os índices lá em baixo e ao mesmo tempo o desequilíbrio energético colocando-os lá em cima", disse Brawley. "E aliás, nesse estudo, os cânceres que estão aumentando ou os que não estão diminuindo em índices de morte são os que mais se associam ao desequilíbrio energético."
O dado não engloba casos de câncer e mortes a partir do início da pandemia da Covid-19 em 2020, mas pesquisadores temem que uma diminuição nos rastreamentos durante lockdowns faça com que casos em estágio inicial da doença passem desapercebidos por doutores e pacientes.
"Pode ser que sejam diagnosticados apenas um ano depois", disse Islami. "O aumento na proporção de cânceres em estágio mais avançado eventualmente significará índices mais altos de morte, infelizmente."
English to Hebrew: An article from the Internet I picked up General field: Other Detailed field: Surveying
Source text - English Cancer death rates have dropped. But
experts warn obesity may soon drive the
disease
U.S. cancer death rates for men, women and communities of color are falling, but obesity and unequal access to care could threaten hard-fought gains over the past two decades, a new report shows.
The annual American Cancer Society report, which measures cancer cases and deaths through 2018, paints a mixed picture of the nation's effort to combat the second leading cause of death, said Farhad Islami, the report's lead author and American Cancer Society's scientific director of cancer disparity research.
Death rates for lung cancer and melanoma improved significantly, but recent progress on breast and colon cancer deaths slowed, and prostate cancer death rates flattened after years of decline, the report said.
Experts said long-standing efforts to curb cigarette smoking and tobacco use along with improved medical care have yielded significant improvements in lung cancer deaths.
"The decrease in smoking is a huge reason," said Dr. Otis Brawley, a professor at Johns Hopkins University and former chief medical officer at American Cancer Society. "Keep in mind it is not just lung cancer, but smoking causes 18 different cancers."
New medications to treat people with melanoma that spread to other parts of the body also improved survival rates, Islami said.
The new report, published in the The Journal of the National Cancer Institute, includes death rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity from 2001 through 2018 based on death certificates reported to states and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics.
Cancer diagnoses up, death rates down in US: Here's how each state ranks
Overall, cancer death rates fell at a faster rate from 2015 to 2018 compared with rates since 2001. Cancer death rates for men dropped 2.3% per year from 2015 to 2018, a faster than 1.8% decline each year from 2001 to 2015. Among women, cancer deaths dropped 2.1% per year from 2015 to 2018, compared with 1.4% per year from 2001 to 2015.
Cancer death rates also dropped among all racial and ethnic group from 2014 to 2018. But death rates overall remain higher among Blacks compared with whites and other racial and ethnic groups.
Despite slowing death rates in most types of cancer for men and women, not all trends were positive. Death rates increased from cancer in the brain, nervous system and pancreas among men and women. In men, oral and throat cancers are on the rise, and liver and uterine cancers in women.
However, experts warn that obesity could soon overtake smoking as the nation’s main driver of new cancer cases. And the figures show positive strides on common cancers such as breast and colon cancers have slowed. "One possible factor is rising obesity", Islami said.
Brawley agrees an "energy imbalance" of eating too much and not exercising enough is putting more Americans at risk for cancer. Brawley cited previous research that predicted such rising obesity and lack of exercise would usurp tobacco this decade as the leading cause of cancer.
"Think about tobacco control pushing the rate down and energy imbalance pushing the rate up at the same time, "Brawley said. "And by the way, the cancers that are going up or the cancers that are not going down in death rate in this study are the ones most closely associated with energy imbalance."
The data does not captures cancer cases and deaths since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, but researchers fear a slowdown in screening during lockdowns could mean doctors and patients are missing early-stage cases.
"They may be diagnosed a year later," Islami said. "Increasing the proportion of cancers at a more advanced stage will eventually translate to higher death rates, unfortunately."
Translation - Hebrew שיעורי התמותה מסרטן ירדו, אבל מומחים מזהירים שהשמנת יתר עוד מעט תהווה גורם לו
בארה"ב שיעורי התמותה מסרטן בירידה בקרב גברים, נשים וקהילות צבע, אבל השמנת יתר וגישה לא שיוויונית לסיוע רפואי מאיימות על ההישגים החשובים שהושגו לאורך שתי המאות הקודמות.
הדו"ח השנתי מטעם החברה האמריקנית לסרטן המשער מקרי המחלה ומוות בשנת 2018 מראה תמונה מעורבת של מאמצי האום להילחם בגורם המוביל השני לתמותה, אמר פרהאד איסלאמי, המחבר הראשי של הדו"ח והמנהל המדעי של המחקר על נבדלוּת בסרטן בחברה האמריקנית לסרטן.
שיעורי התמותה מסרטן הריאות ומלנומה השתפרו בצורה משמעותית, אבל ההתקדמות האחרונה בתמותה מסרטן השד ומעי הגס רק איבדה תאוצה ושיעורי התמותה מסרטן הערמונית התאזנו אחרי שנים של ירידה.
מומחים אמרו כי מאמצים ממושכים לרסן עישון סיגריות ושימוש בטבק בשילוב עם סיוע רפואי משופר הביאו להשתפרויות משמעותיות במספר המתים מסרטן ריאות.
"הירידה בעישון היא סיבה עצומה", אמר ד"ר אוטיס בראוולי, פרופסור באוניברסיטת ג'ונס הופקינס וקצין רפואה ראשי לשעבר בחברה האמריקנית לסרטן. "זכור שזה אינו רק לסרטן הריאות אלא גם ל-18 סוגי סרטן שונים שהעישון עלול לגרום".
תרופות חדשות לטיפול בחולי מלנומה, אשר מתפשטת לעוד חלקים בגוף, גם שיפרו את שיעורי ההישרדות, אמר איסלאמי.
הדו"ח החדש שפורסם בעיתון The Journal of the National Cancer Institute כולל שיעורי תמותה מחולקים לפי גיל, מין, גזע ואתניוּת משנת 2001 עד 2018, המבוסס על תעודות פטירה מדווחות למדינות ולמרכז הלאומי לסטטיסטיקות של בריאות, מהמרכזים לבקרת מחלות ומניעתן.
ארה"ב: אבחונים למעלה, שיעורי תמותה למטה — הנה איך כל מדינה מודרגת
באופן כללי, שיעורי תמותה מסרטן נפלו ביותר מהירות משנת 2015 עד 2018 בהשוואה לשיעורים מאז 2001. שיעורי התמותה מסרטן בקרב גברים נפלו 2.3% פר שנה מ-2015 עד 2018, ירידה יותר מהירה מאשר ה-1.8% של כל שנה מ-2001 עד 2015. בקרב נשים, התמותה מסרטן נפלה 2.1% פר שנה מ-2015 עד 2018 בהשוואה ל-1.4% פר שנה מ-2001 עד 2015.
שיעורי התמותה מסרטן גם נפלו בקרב כל הקבוצה הגזעית והאתנית משנת 2014 עד 2018. אך שיעורי התמותה באורח כללי נשארים גבוהים בקרב שחורים בהשוואה ללבנים ועוד קבוצות גזעיות ואתניות.
למרות שיעורי התמותה המאטים ברוב סוגי הסרטן בקרב גברים ונשים, לא כל המגמות היו חיוביות. שיעורי התמותה עלו בעקבות סרטן במוח, במערכת העצבים ובלבלב בקרב גברים ונשים. סרטן הפה והלוע בעליה אצל גברים כסרטן הכבד והרחם אצל נשים.
עם זאת, מומחים מזהירים כי השמנת יתר יכולה לעקוף בקרוב את העישון כגורם העיקרי למקרי סרטן חדשים בלאום, למרות שהמספרים מראים צעדים חיוביים בנוגע לסרטנים יותר שכיחים, כפי שמקרי סרטן השד והמעי הגס האטו. "יש גורם אחד אפשרי שמביא להשמנת יתר", אמר איסלאמי.
בראוולי מסכים כי סוג של "חוסר איזון אנרגטי" של אכילת יתר והתאמנות לא מספיקה מעמיד יותר אמריקנים בסיכון לסרטן. בראוולי ציטט מחקר קודם שראה מראש שהשמנת יתר גדלת זו וחוסר התאמנות יתפסו את מקומו של הטבק כגורם העיקרי לסרטן במאה הזו.
"תאר לעצמך את השליטה בטבק מושכת למטה את השיעורים בזמן שחוסר האיזון האנרגטי מושך אותם למעלה", אמר בראוולי. "דרך אגב, הסרטנים שעולים והסרטנים שלא יורדים בשיעור תמותה בחקר הזה הם אלה שהכי קשורים לחוסר איזון אנרגטי."
הנתון אינו מונה מקרי סרטן ומוות החל מתחילת מגפת הקוביד-19 ב-2020, אך חוקרים חוששים כי המעטה בבדיקות סקירה בזמן סגרים תהווה החמצת אבחוני המחלה בשלב מוקדם בקרב דוקטורים ומטופלים.
"אולי הם יאובחנו בעוד שנה", אמר איסלאמי. "עליית ממדי הסרטנים בשלב יותר מאוחר תתורגם בסופו של דבר לשיעורי תמותה יותר גבוהים, למרבה הצער."
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Experience
Years of experience: 5. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2021.
• CAT tool (OmegaT, Matecat) • LibreOffice • Translation and edition • Terminology • Self-teaching / research • Familiarized with psychology, education, health/care areas (see work samples in the portfolio)
EXPERIENCE
• Article translations (unpaid) • Informative texts (unpaid) • I have no experience yet in working for employers
EDUCATION
• High School degree • eTeacher, advanced Hebrew course • Free translation courses; continuous learning / being updated • Hairdresser (currently not working)
AIM
• To become a professional translator graduated • To fully develop my potentials of assertiveness and creativity, and prove that your word can be heard through mine! • I am open to small works
✎ BIOGRAPHY
I am thirty years old and live in a relatively small town in southern Brazil. I started loving languages since I was about eighteen, when I became intrigued by the fact that people can communicate through a bunch of "random" sounds (any language but Portuguese, my native language). Then I chose my first language to learn and challenge myself — Hebrew. This fascinated me as I saw how pleasurable is to know a completely different communication code and no one around me understanding a word while talking to foreigners on the Internet! English came afterwards (I am self-taught).
However, to be honest, this was only a hobby. I have been working throughout all those years as a waiter, stock-keeper, store attendant... And I finally became a barber. My father helped me with the barber course costs and then I began working in some of the local barbershops, but not for long. It has not been simple where I live.
Then I turned back to my passion for languages and decided to make it a work! I have been translating contents from the Internet for my self and now I am seeking my first professional experience.
