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English to Malay: CAPACITY TO CONTRACT General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law: Contract(s)
Source text - English The rule of contractual incapacity of a minor is also applicable in other related transactions. In agency, a minor cannot employ an agent and although he may act as one in bringing his principle into contractual relation with the other party, he is not personally reliable to his principle for breach of any duties connected with the principle-agent relationship. In matters relating to land, a minor cannot be registered as a transferee, chargee or registered holder of a lease or easement. The National Land Code 1965 also prohibits State Governments from alienating land to a minor.
The Age of Majority Act creates certain exceptions to the rule that all contracts entered into by minors are void, viz:
a) the capacity of any person to act in matters relating to marriage, divorce, dower and adoption;
b) the religion religious rites and usages of any class of persons within Malaysia;
c) any other written law fixing the age of majority.
Thus, by virtue of the third exception, the age of majority for particular purposes may vary according to the governing statue. For example, the age of majority for voting in Parliamentary and State elections is 21 years, a worker who is above the age of 16 years may join a trade union and for the purpose of marriage, the Law reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 applicable to non-Muslims requires persons under 21 years to obtain the written consent of their parents or guardians.
Translation - Malay Peraturan ketakupayaan berkontrak orang belum dewasa juga terpakai dalam transaksi lain yang berkaitan. Dalam agensi, orang belum dewasa tidak boleh menggaji ejen dan walaupun dia bertindak seperti itu dengan menggunakan prinsipalnya dalam hubungan kontraktual dengan pihak lain, dia tidak bertanggungan sendiri terhadap prinsipalnya disebabkan pelanggaran apa-apa yang berkaitan dengan hubungan prinsipal-ejen itu. Dalam hal yang berhubung dengan dengan tanah, orang belum dewasa tidak boleh didaftarkan sebagai penerima pindahan, pemegang gadaian atau pemegang pajakan atau ismen yang berdaftar. Kanun Tanah Negara 1965 juga melarang Kerajaan Negeri daripada berimilik tanah kepada orang belum dewasa.
Akta Umur Dewasa mewujudkan pengecualian tertentu kepada peraturan yang semua kontrak yang diikat oleh orang belum dewasa adalah tak sah, iaitu.
(a) keupayaan mana-mana orang untuk bertindak dalam hal yang berhubung dengan perkahwinan, perceraian, mas kahwin dan pengangkatan;
(b) agama dan upacara keagamaan dan kelaziman mana-mana kelas orang dalam Malaysia;
(c) apa-apa undang-undang bertulis lain yang menetapkan umur dewasa.
Maka, oleh sebab pengecualian ketiga, umur dewasa bagi tujuan tertentu mungkin berbeza mengikut statut pemerintah. Sebagai contoh, umur dewasa bagi mengundi dalam pilihan raya Parlimen dan pilihan raya Negeri ialah 21 tahun, seorang pekerja yang melebihi umur 16 tahun boleh menyertai kesatuan sekerja dan bagi maksud perkahwinan, Akta Membaharui Undang-Undang (Perkahwinan dan Perceraian) 1976 yang terpakai kepada orang bukan Islam mengkehendaki orang bawah umur 21 tahun untuk mendapatkan keizinan bertulis daripada ibu bapa atau penjaga mereka.
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Bachelor's degree - INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
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